1861 Census of England and Wales, Ages (Sample Report Title: Population Tables. Ages, Civil Condition, Occupations and Birth-places of the People: with the Ages and Occupations of the Blind, of the Deaf-and-dumb, and of the inmates of certain public institutions Part I), Table 18 : " Occupations of Females aged 20 Years and upwards in Districts".

Show England and Wales Dep table	England Dep	the East the East Midlands London the North East the North West the South East the South West the West Midlands Yorkshire and the Humber

OCCUPATIONS	[Males] [1]
Total of Females	5,393,263
1. Persons engaged in the General or Local Government of the Country	3,512
(1) Officers of National Government	1,631
Post Office	1,552
Others	79
(2) Officers of Local Government	1,881
Prison Officer	427
Union and Parish Officer	1,423
Others	31
3. Persons engaged in the Learned Professions or engaged in Literature, Art, and Science (with their immediate Subordinates)	73,712
(1) Clergymen, Ministers, and Church Officers	2,730
(a) Religious Teachers	1,429
(b) Pew Opener	703
Other Church Officers	598
(2) Lawyers, Law Court Officers, and Law Stationers	18
Law Stationer, &c.	18
(3) Physicians, Surgeons, and Druggists	2,189
Druggist	345
Midwife	1,696
Other Dealers in Drugs	148
(4) Authors and Literary Persons	180
In Literature	180
(5) Artists	887
Artist, Painter	705
Engaged in Fine Arts	3
Others	179
(6) Musicians, Teachers of Music	3,844
(6} Musician	1,271
Music-mistress	2,566
Others	7
(7) Actors, Actresses	858
Actress	693
In Theatres, Exhibitions	165
(8) Teachers	62,966
Schoolmistress	34,284
Teacher of Languages	861
General Teacher	6,595
Governess	20,968
Other Teachers	258
(9) Scientific Persons	40
Scientific Person	40
4. Persons engaged in the Domestic Officers or Duties of Wives, Mothers, Mistresses of Families, Children, Relatives (not otherwise returned)	2,935,355
(1) Wives	2,456,168
Wives (not oth. des.)	2,456,168
(2) Widows	247,105
Widows (not oth. des.)	247,105
(3) Children and Relatives at home (not otherwise described)	230,519
Children and Relatives	230,519
(4) Scholars (so described)	1,563
Scholars (so described)	1,563
5. Persons engaged in entertaining, and performing Personal Offices for Man	730,733
(1) In Board and Lodging	79,677
Innkeeper, Hotelkeeper	5,999
Innkeeper’s "Wife"	14,813
Publican	5,505
Beerseller	3,770
Publican’s "Wife"	28,510
Lodging-house Keeper	16,248
Lodg.-ho. Kpr.'s "Wife"	1,984
Coffee-house Keeper	1,278
Officer of Institution	917
Others	653
(2) Attendance (Domestic Servants, &c.)	651,056
Domst. Serv. (General)	323,106
Housekeeper	61,751
Cook	70,980
Housemaid	62,766
Nurse	31,357
Laundrymaid	3,212
Inn Servant	8,945
Hospital Nurse, &c.	2,643
Nurse (not Domst. Servt.)	24,235
Charwoman	60,769
Others	1,292
6. Persons who buy or sell, keep, or lend Money, Houses or Goods of various Kinds	26,147
(1) Mercantile Men [Women]	3,295
In Mercantile Pursuits	3,295
(2) Other General Dealers	22,852
Pawnbroker	634
Gen. Dlr., Costermonger	2,845
Shopkeeper	9,152
Shopkeeper’s "Wife"	1,791
Hawker and Pedlar	7,010
Other General Dealers	1,420
7. Persons engaged in the Conveyance of Men, Animals, Goods, and Messages	5,955
(1) Carriers on Railways	145
Railway Attendants	145
(2) Carriers on Roads	2,135
Toll Collector	1,420
Coach, Omn. Cab, Ownr.	145
Carrier, Carter	498
Others	72
(3) Carriers on Canals and Rivers	212
On Canals and Rivers	21
Boat, Barge,--Woman	156
Others	35
(4) Carriers on Seas and Rivers	417
In Sea Navigation	1
Shipowner	232
Others	184
(5) Engaged in Storage	2,581
Warehouse Woman	2,549
Others in Storage	32
(6) Messengers and Porters	465
Mess., Port., Errand Girl	316
Others	149
8. Persons possessing or working the Land, and engaged in growing Grain, Fruits, Grasses, Animals, and other Products	268,937
(1) In Fields and Pastures (Agriculturists)	267,340
Land Proprietor	14,687
Farmer, Grazier	17,590
Farmer’s "Wife"	136,523
Farmer’s "Dau.," "Grd.-dau.," "Str.," "Niece"	46,542
Agricultural Labourer.	32,467
Farm Servant (in-door)	19,489
Others in Agriculture	42
(2) In Woods (Arboriculturists)	7
Others in Arboriculture	7
(3) In Gardens (Horticulturists)	1,590
Gardener	1,535
Others in Horticulture	55
9. Persons engaged about Animals	242
(1) Persons engaged about Animals	242
Fisherwoman	121
Others	121
10. Persons engaged in Art and Mechanic Productions, in which Matters of various kinds are employed in combination	47,991
(1) In Books	4,759
Bookseller, Publisher	828
Bookbinder	3,152
Printer	252
Others in Publications	527
(2) In Musical Instrument	155
In Musical Instruments	155
(3) In Prints and Pictures	294
In Maps, Pictures	294
(4) In Carving and Figures	2,572
In Carving and Figures	3
Artificial Flower-maker	2,478
Others	91
(5) in Tackle for Sport and Games	1,339
Toy Maker, Dealer	1,082
Bow, Bat, Tackle,--Mak.	257
(6) In Designs, Medals, and Dies	37
Pattern Designer	3
Eng. about Medals, &c.	34
(7) In Watches and Philosophical Instruments	531
Watchmkr., Clockmkr.	404
Mkr., Dlr., in Phil. Insts.	2
Others	125
(8) In Surgical Instruments	173
Surgical Instrumt. Mak.	173
(9) In Arms	422
In manuf. of Arms	422
(10) In Machines	3,943
Needle Manufacture	1,192
Scissors-maker	202
Steel Pen Maker	715
File-maker	422
Cutler	167
Others	1,245
(11) In Carriages	209
Carriage-maker	207
Coachmaker	2
(12) In Harness	848
Saddler, Harness-maker	757
Whip-maker	91
(13) In Ships	63
Ship, Boat,--Builder	63
(14) In Houses and Buildings	24,466
House Proprietor	23,598
Painter, Plumber, Glazr.	405
Others	463
(15) In Furniture	6,912
Cabinet-maker, Uphol.	5,167
Chair-maker	701
Furniture Broker	688
Others	356
(16) In Implements	89
Implement Maker	89
(17) In Chemicals	1,179
Dyer, Calenderer	692
Others	487
11. Persons working and Dealing in the Textile Fabrics and in Dress	961,292
(1) In Wool and Worsted	60,970
Knitter	1,302
Woollen Cloth manuf.	29,620
Clothier	93
Worsted manufacture	26,023
Stuff manufacture	1,158
Berlin Wool,--Dlr., Wkr.	779
Flannel manufacture	43
Carpet, Rug,--manuf.	844
Others	1,108
(2) In Silk	49,332
Silk manufacture	44,410
Ribbon manufacture	4,117
Fancy Goods (Silk)	195
Others	610
(3) In Cotton and Flax	189,278
Flax, Linen,--manuf.	6,575
Thread manufacture	339
Tape manuf., Dealer	518
Lace manufacture	30,813
Cotton manufacture	147,826
Fustian manufacture	1,494
Muslin manufacture	38
Muslin Embroiderer	16
Calico, Cotton,--Printer	847
Calico, Cotton,--Dyer	43
Others	769
(4) In Mixed Materials (1, 2, 3.)	17,287
Weaver (undefined)	2,512
Draper, Mercer	8,514
Trimming-maker	936
Embroiderer	1,522
Others	3,803
(5) In Dress	640,341
Hatter, Hat manuf.	2,246
Straw Plait manuf.	17,463
Straw Hat, Bonnet, Mak.	11,691
Bonnet-maker	4,176
Cap-maker	3,243
Shawl manufacture	151
Furrier	1,224
Tailor	21,428
Clothes Dealer, Outfitter	1,775
Button-maker	2,176
Milliner, Dressmaker	210,749
Shirtmaker, Seamstress	63,979
Stay-maker	8,869
Fancy Worker	1,185
Hose, Stocking,--manuf.	14,641
Hosier, Haberdasher	1,699
Glover, Leather, &c.	15,608
Glove Knitter	259
Shoemaker, Bootmaker	28,438
Shoemaker's "Wife"	74,785
Umbrella, Stick,--Mak.	1,723
Laundress	149,621
Others	3,212
(6) In Hemp and other Fibrous Materials	4,084
Mat Maker, Seller	210
Hemp manufacture	136
Rope, Cord,--Maker	1,219
Net-maker	930
Canvas Maker, Dealer	183
Sailcloth manufacture	198
Other Workers in Hemp	1,208
12. Persons working and dealing in Food and Drinks	71,971
(1) In Animal Food	35,084
Cowkeeper, Milkseller	3,374
Cheesemonger	257
Butcher	2,101
Butcher’s "Wife"	23,826
Provision Curer, Dealer	3,246
Poulterer, Game Dealer	506
Fishmonger	1,695
Others	79
(2) In Vegetable Food	17,110
Miller	338
Flour Dealer, Agent	299
Baker	4,892
Confectioner	4,984
Greengrocer, Fruiterer	4,554
Fruit, Flower,--Vendor	1,439
Others	604
(3) In Drinks and Stimulants	19,777
Brewer, &c.	264
Wine Merchant	310
Grocer, Tea Dealer	16,998
Tobo ,Cig.,Snuff, manuf.	375
Tobacconist	1,159
Others	671
13. Persons working and dealing in Animal Substances	4,270
(1) In Grease, Gut, Bones, Horn, Ivory, and Whalebone	630
Tallow-chandler	155
Comb-maker	121
Others	354
(2) In Skins, Feathers, and Quills	901
Currier	218
Others	683
(3) In Hair	2,739
Hair, Bristle,--manuf.	973
Brush, Broom,--Maker	1,726
Others	40
14. Persons working and dealing in Vegetable Substances	12,127
(1) In Gums and Resins	1,889
French-polisher	815
Japanner	685
In Gums and Resins	344
Others	45
(2) In Wood	1,835
Wood Dealer	242
Box-maker	1,057
Others	536
(3) In Bark	87
Workers, Dlrs., in Bark	87
(4) In Cane, Rush, and Straw	922
Basket-maker	574
Others	348
(5) In Paper	7,394
Rag Gatherer, Dealer	850
Paper manufacture	3,522
Stationer (not Law)	1,403
Envelope-maker	463
Paper-box Maker	506
Paper-stainer	221
Other Workers in Paper	429
15. Persons working and dealing in Minerals	28,994
(1) In Mining	86
In Minerals	86
(2) In Coal	2,073
Coal Merchant, Dealer	670
Coal Labourer	1,254
Others	149
(3) In Stone, Clay	1,096
Brick Maker, Dealer	682
Others	414
(4) In Earthenware	8,107
Earthenware manuf.	6,317
Tobacco-pipe Maker	628
Earthenw., Glass, Dealer	1,136
Others	26
(5) In Glass	835
Glass manufacture	747
Others	88
(6) In Salt	82
Salt Makers and Dealers	82
(7) In Water	24
Water Provider	24
(8) In Gold, Silver, and Precious Stones	1,599
In Gold, Silver, &c.	1
Goldsmith, Jeweller	991
Others	607
(9) In Copper	1,472
Workers, Dlrs., in Copper	1,472
(10) In Tin and Quicksilver	1,491
Tin manufacture	1,304
Others	187
(11) In Zinc	3
In Zinc	3
(12) In Lead and Antimony	250
In Lead	250
(13) In Brass and other mixed Metals	2,318
Pin manufacture	215
Lacquerer	269
Others	1,233
In Brass	601
(14) In Iron and Steel	9,558
Iron manufacture	529
Blacksmith	370
Nail manufacture	6,689
Anchor, Chain, Smith	340
Ironmonger	361
Screw Cutter, Maker	871
In Iron and Steel	217
Others	181
16. Labourers and others - Branch of Labour undefined	7,721
(1) General Labourers	2,301
Labourer	2,301
(2) Other Persons of indefinite Occupations	5,420
Shopwoman, Assistant	2,902
Others of indef. occupn.	2,518
17. Persons of Rank or Property, not returned under any Office or Occupation	84,572
(1) Persons of Rank or property, not returned under any Office or Occupation	84,572
Gentlewoman	26,209
Annuitant	58,363
18. Persons supported by the Community and of no specified Occupation	48,067
(1) On Income from voluntary Sources and Rates	46,045
Dependent on relatives	2,877
Almsperson, no. stat. occ.	8,717
Pauper, no stated occ.	27,359
Lunatic, no stated occ.	5,829
Others	1,263
(2) Prisoners and others of Criminal Class	1,495
Prisoner, no stated occ.	1,079
Others of Criminal Class	416
(3) Vagrants and Gipsies	527
Vagrant, Beggar	331
Gipsy	196
19. Persons of no stated Rank, Profession, or Occupation	81,665
Visitor, no stated occ.	27,146
Others of no stated occupation or condition.	54,519

Click on the triangles for all about a particular number.

Comments:

1	Note that the original table is organised into the Orders and sub-Orders listed here, but provides counts only for the individual occupations.

This website does not try to provide an exact replica of the original printed census tables, which often had thousands of rows and far more columns than will fit on our web pages. Instead, we let you drill down from national totals to the most detailed data available. The column headings are those that appeared in the original printed report. The numbers presented here, which are the same ones we use to create statistical maps and graphs, come from the census table and have usually been carefully checked.

The system can only hold statistics for units listed in our administrative gazetteer, so some rows from the original table may be missing. Sometimes big low-level units, like urban parishes, were divided between more than one higher-level units, like Registration sub-Districts. This is why some pages will give a higher figure for a lower-level unit: it covers the whole of the lower-level unit, not just the part within the current higher-level unit.

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Acknowledgments:

We are grateful to the following contributors. If you make use of the data in your own work, please follow any instructions given here on acknowledgment and re-use.

David Allan Gatley (School of Social Sciences, University of Staffordshire). Role: transcriber. Restrictions on use: the contributor must be acknowledged but the data may be freely used for non-commercial purposes.

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