Vision of Britain | 1861 Census: Ages

1861 Census of England and Wales, Ages (Sample Report Title: Population Tables. Ages, Civil Condition, Occupations and Birth-places of the People: with the Ages and Occupations of the Blind, of the Deaf-and-dumb, and of the inmates of certain public institutions Part I), Table 18 : " Occupations of Females aged 20 Years and upwards in Districts".

Show England Dep table	Hertfordshire RegC

OCCUPATIONS	[Males] [1]
Total of Females	49,558
1. Persons engaged in the General or Local Government of the Country	48
(1) Officers of National Government	21
Post Office	21
Others	0
(2) Officers of Local Government	27
Prison Officer	1
Union and Parish Officer	26
Others	0
3. Persons engaged in the Learned Professions or engaged in Literature, Art, and Science (with their immediate Subordinates)	786
(1) Clergymen, Ministers, and Church Officers	12
(a) Religious Teachers	2
(b) Pew Opener	5
Other Church Officers	5
(2) Lawyers, Law Court Officers, and Law Stationers	0
Law Stationer, &c.	0
(3) Physicians, Surgeons, and Druggists	22
Druggist	3
Midwife	18
Other Dealers in Drugs	1
(4) Authors and Literary Persons	3
In Literature	3
(5) Artists	4
Artist, Painter	3
Engaged in Fine Arts	0
Others	1
(6) Musicians, Teachers of Music	21
(6} Musician	8
Music-mistress	13
Others	0
(7) Actors, Actresses	5
Actress	5
In Theatres, Exhibitions	0
(8) Teachers	719
Schoolmistress	430
Teacher of Languages	4
General Teacher	45
Governess	238
Other Teachers	2
(9) Scientific Persons	0
Scientific Person	0
4. Persons engaged in the Domestic Officers or Duties of Wives, Mothers, Mistresses of Families, Children, Relatives (not otherwise returned)	24,587
(1) Wives	20,835
Wives (not oth. des.)	20,835
(2) Widows	1,682
Widows (not oth. des.)	1,682
(3) Children and Relatives at home (not otherwise described)	2,038
Children and Relatives	2,038
(4) Scholars (so described)	32
Scholars (so described)	32
5. Persons engaged in entertaining, and performing Personal Offices for Man	6,905
(1) In Board and Lodging	984
Innkeeper, Hotelkeeper	27
Innkeeper’s "Wife"	92
Publican	113
Beerseller	68
Publican’s "Wife"	652
Lodging-house Keeper	15
Lodg.-ho. Kpr.'s "Wife"	10
Coffee-house Keeper	0
Officer of Institution	4
Others	3
(2) Attendance (Domestic Servants, &c.)	5,921
Domst. Serv. (General)	2,261
Housekeeper	699
Cook	798
Housemaid	727
Nurse	381
Laundrymaid	88
Inn Servant	82
Hospital Nurse, &c.	7
Nurse (not Domst. Servt.)	233
Charwoman	628
Others	17
6. Persons who buy or sell, keep, or lend Money, Houses or Goods of various Kinds	161
(1) Mercantile Men [Women]	4
In Mercantile Pursuits	4
(2) Other General Dealers	157
Pawnbroker	0
Gen. Dlr., Costermonger	23
Shopkeeper	64
Shopkeeper’s "Wife"	19
Hawker and Pedlar	46
Other General Dealers	5
7. Persons engaged in the Conveyance of Men, Animals, Goods, and Messages	29
(1) Carriers on Railways	3
Railway Attendants	3
(2) Carriers on Roads	25
Toll Collector	15
Coach, Omn. Cab, Ownr.	1
Carrier, Carter	9
Others	0
(3) Carriers on Canals and Rivers	1
On Canals and Rivers	0
Boat, Barge,--Woman	1
Others	0
(4) Carriers on Seas and Rivers	0
In Sea Navigation	0
Shipowner	0
Others	0
(5) Engaged in Storage	0
Warehouse Woman	0
Others in Storage	0
(6) Messengers and Porters	0
Mess., Port., Errand Girl	0
Others	0
8. Persons possessing or working the Land, and engaged in growing Grain, Fruits, Grasses, Animals, and other Products	2,303
(1) In Fields and Pastures (Agriculturists)	2,295
Land Proprietor	87
Farmer, Grazier	150
Farmer’s "Wife"	1,182
Farmer’s "Dau.," "Grd.-dau.," "Str.," "Niece"	447
Agricultural Labourer.	112
Farm Servant (in-door)	317
Others in Agriculture	0
(2) In Woods (Arboriculturists)	0
Others in Arboriculture	0
(3) In Gardens (Horticulturists)	8
Gardener	8
Others in Horticulture	0
9. Persons engaged about Animals	1
(1) Persons engaged about Animals	1
Fisherwoman	0
Others	1
10. Persons engaged in Art and Mechanic Productions, in which Matters of various kinds are employed in combination	285
(1) In Books	21
Bookseller, Publisher	10
Bookbinder	5
Printer	4
Others in Publications	2
(2) In Musical Instrument	0
In Musical Instruments	0
(3) In Prints and Pictures	0
In Maps, Pictures	0
(4) In Carving and Figures	3
In Carving and Figures	0
Artificial Flower-maker	3
Others	0
(5) in Tackle for Sport and Games	6
Toy Maker, Dealer	6
Bow, Bat, Tackle,--Mak.	0
(6) In Designs, Medals, and Dies	0
Pattern Designer	0
Eng. about Medals, &c.	0
(7) In Watches and Philosophical Instruments	1
Watchmkr., Clockmkr.	1
Mkr., Dlr., in Phil. Insts.	0
Others	0
(8) In Surgical Instruments	0
Surgical Instrumt. Mak.	0
(9) In Arms	0
In manuf. of Arms	0
(10) In Machines	0
Needle Manufacture	0
Scissors-maker	0
Steel Pen Maker	0
File-maker	0
Cutler	0
Others	0
(11) In Carriages	1
Carriage-maker	1
Coachmaker	0
(12) In Harness	9
Saddler, Harness-maker	9
Whip-maker	0
(13) In Ships	0
Ship, Boat,--Builder	0
(14) In Houses and Buildings	207
House Proprietor	199
Painter, Plumber, Glazr.	5
Others	3
(15) In Furniture	32
Cabinet-maker, Uphol.	29
Chair-maker	1
Furniture Broker	2
Others	0
(16) In Implements	1
Implement Maker	1
(17) In Chemicals	4
Dyer, Calenderer	4
Others	0
11. Persons working and Dealing in the Textile Fabrics and in Dress	11,361
(1) In Wool and Worsted	10
Knitter	4
Woollen Cloth manuf.	2
Clothier	0
Worsted manufacture	0
Stuff manufacture	0
Berlin Wool,--Dlr., Wkr.	3
Flannel manufacture	0
Carpet, Rug,--manuf.	0
Others	1
(2) In Silk	177
Silk manufacture	173
Ribbon manufacture	1
Fancy Goods (Silk)	3
Others	0
(3) In Cotton and Flax	64
Flax, Linen,--manuf.	0
Thread manufacture	0
Tape manuf., Dealer	0
Lace manufacture	51
Cotton manufacture	13
Fustian manufacture	0
Muslin manufacture	0
Muslin Embroiderer	0
Calico, Cotton,--Printer	0
Calico, Cotton,--Dyer	0
Others	0
(4) In Mixed Materials (1, 2, 3.)	271
Weaver (undefined)	10
Draper, Mercer	73
Trimming-maker	186
Embroiderer	2
Others	0
(5) In Dress	10,837
Hatter, Hat manuf.	97
Straw Plait manuf.	5,562
Straw Hat, Bonnet, Mak.	1,204
Bonnet-maker	144
Cap-maker	4
Shawl manufacture	0
Furrier	0
Tailor	19
Clothes Dealer, Outfitter	3
Button-maker	0
Milliner, Dressmaker	1,461
Shirtmaker, Seamstress	468
Stay-maker	33
Fancy Worker	0
Hose, Stocking,--manuf.	0
Hosier, Haberdasher	5
Glover, Leather, &c.	1
Glove Knitter	0
Shoemaker, Bootmaker	104
Shoemaker's "Wife"	464
Umbrella, Stick,--Mak.	3
Laundress	1,262
Others	3
(6) In Hemp and other Fibrous Materials	2
Mat Maker, Seller	0
Hemp manufacture	0
Rope, Cord,--Maker	1
Net-maker	0
Canvas Maker, Dealer	0
Sailcloth manufacture	0
Other Workers in Hemp	1
12. Persons working and dealing in Food and Drinks	584
(1) In Animal Food	246
Cowkeeper, Milkseller	16
Cheesemonger	0
Butcher	17
Butcher’s "Wife"	205
Provision Curer, Dealer	1
Poulterer, Game Dealer	5
Fishmonger	2
Others	0
(2) In Vegetable Food	113
Miller	7
Flour Dealer, Agent	1
Baker	48
Confectioner	28
Greengrocer, Fruiterer	25
Fruit, Flower,--Vendor	1
Others	3
(3) In Drinks and Stimulants	225
Brewer, &c.	2
Wine Merchant	1
Grocer, Tea Dealer	216
Tobo ,Cig.,Snuff, manuf.	0
Tobacconist	2
Others	4
13. Persons working and dealing in Animal Substances	7
(1) In Grease, Gut, Bones, Horn, Ivory, and Whalebone	1
Tallow-chandler	1
Comb-maker	0
Others	0
(2) In Skins, Feathers, and Quills	2
Currier	0
Others	2
(3) In Hair	4
Hair, Bristle,--manuf.	2
Brush, Broom,--Maker	2
Others	0
14. Persons working and dealing in Vegetable Substances	289
(1) In Gums and Resins	2
French-polisher	1
Japanner	0
In Gums and Resins	1
Others	0
(2) In Wood	2
Wood Dealer	0
Box-maker	0
Others	2
(3) In Bark	0
Workers, Dlrs., in Bark	0
(4) In Cane, Rush, and Straw	4
Basket-maker	3
Others	1
(5) In Paper	281
Rag Gatherer, Dealer	2
Paper manufacture	212
Stationer (not Law)	11
Envelope-maker	29
Paper-box Maker	0
Paper-stainer	0
Other Workers in Paper	27
15. Persons working and dealing in Minerals	43
(1) In Mining	0
In Minerals	0
(2) In Coal	5
Coal Merchant, Dealer	1
Coal Labourer	0
Others	4
(3) In Stone, Clay	1
Brick Maker, Dealer	0
Others	1
(4) In Earthenware	14
Earthenware manuf.	0
Tobacco-pipe Maker	1
Earthenw., Glass, Dealer	12
Others	1
(5) In Glass	0
Glass manufacture	0
Others	0
(6) In Salt	0
Salt Makers and Dealers	0
(7) In Water	0
Water Provider	0
(8) In Gold, Silver, and Precious Stones	1
In Gold, Silver, &c.	0
Goldsmith, Jeweller	0
Others	1
(9) In Copper	0
Workers, Dlrs., in Copper	0
(10) In Tin and Quicksilver	0
Tin manufacture	0
Others	0
(11) In Zinc	0
In Zinc	0
(12) In Lead and Antimony	0
In Lead	0
(13) In Brass and other mixed Metals	1
Pin manufacture	0
Lacquerer	0
Others	0
In Brass	1
(14) In Iron and Steel	21
Iron manufacture	1
Blacksmith	17
Nail manufacture	0
Anchor, Chain, Smith	0
Ironmonger	2
Screw Cutter, Maker	0
In Iron and Steel	1
Others	0
16. Labourers and others - Branch of Labour undefined	31
(1) General Labourers	20
Labourer	20
(2) Other Persons of indefinite Occupations	11
Shopwoman, Assistant	8
Others of indef. occupn.	3
17. Persons of Rank or Property, not returned under any Office or Occupation	892
(1) Persons of Rank or property, not returned under any Office or Occupation	892
Gentlewoman	228
Annuitant	664
18. Persons supported by the Community and of no specified Occupation	637
(1) On Income from voluntary Sources and Rates	632
Dependent on relatives	20
Almsperson, no. stat. occ.	104
Pauper, no stated occ.	493
Lunatic, no stated occ.	8
Others	7
(2) Prisoners and others of Criminal Class	1
Prisoner, no stated occ.	1
Others of Criminal Class	0
(3) Vagrants and Gipsies	4
Vagrant, Beggar	3
Gipsy	1
19. Persons of no stated Rank, Profession, or Occupation	609
Visitor, no stated occ.	183
Others of no stated occupation or condition.	426

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Comments:

1	Note that the original table is organised into the Orders and sub-Orders listed here, but provides counts only for the individual occupations.

This website does not try to provide an exact replica of the original printed census tables, which often had thousands of rows and far more columns than will fit on our web pages. Instead, we let you drill down from national totals to the most detailed data available. The column headings are those that appeared in the original printed report. The numbers presented here, which are the same ones we use to create statistical maps and graphs, come from the census table and have usually been carefully checked.

The system can only hold statistics for units listed in our administrative gazetteer, so some rows from the original table may be missing. Sometimes big low-level units, like urban parishes, were divided between more than one higher-level units, like Registration sub-Districts. This is why some pages will give a higher figure for a lower-level unit: it covers the whole of the lower-level unit, not just the part within the current higher-level unit.

Acknowledgments:

We are grateful to the following contributors. If you make use of the data in your own work, please follow any instructions given here on acknowledgment and re-use.

David Allan Gatley (School of Social Sciences, University of Staffordshire). Role: transcriber. Restrictions on use: the contributor must be acknowledged but the data may be freely used for non-commercial purposes.