Vision of Britain | 1881 Census: Ages

1881 Census of England and Wales, Tables: Ages, Condition as to Marriage, Occupations and Birthplaces of people, Table 10 : " Occupations of Males and Females in the Division and its Registration Counties".

Show Staffordshire RegC table	Burton upon Trent RegD/PLU

OCCUPATIONS.	Males. [1]	Females. [2]
1. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE GENERAL OR LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF THE COUNTRY.	211	21
Peer, M.P., Privy Councillor (not otherwise described)	1	-
Civil Service (officers and clerks)	80	13
Civil Service (messengers, &c.)	33	4
Police	52	-
Municipal, Parish, Union, District, Officer	32	3
Other Local or County Official	13	1
2. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE DEFENCE OF THE COUNTRY.	34	1
Army Officer (effective/retired)	4	-
Soldier and Non-commissioned officer	15	1
Militia, Yeomanry, Volunteers	5	-
Army Pensioner	8	-
Royal Marines (officers/men)	1	-
Navy Pensioner	1	-
3. PERSONS ENGAGED IN PROFESSIONAL OCCUPATIONS (WITH THEIR IMMEDIATE SUBORDINATES).	414	413
Clergymen (Established Church)	47	-
Roman Catholic Priest	1	-
Minister, Priest of other religious bodies	21	-
Missionary, Scripture Reader, Itinerant preacher	13	1
Church, chapel, cemetery - officer, servant	2	2
Barrister, Solicitor	15	-
Law Student	1	-
Law Clerk, and others connected with the law	26	-
Physician, Surgeon, General Practitioner	28	-
Dentist	5	-
Medical Student, Assistant	10	-
Midwife	-	7
Subordinate Medical Service	4	50
Schoolmaster	124	236
Teacher, Professor, Lecturer	2	90
School Service, and others connected with teaching	4	6
Author, Editor, Journalist	6	-
Persons engaged in Scientific Pursuits	8	-
Civil Engineer	14	-
Mining Engineer	7	-
Land, House, Ship, Surveyor	12	-
Painter (artist)	-	2
Engraver (artist)	1	-
Sculptor	3	-
Architect	11	-
Musician, Music Master	22	12
Art Student	2	2
Photographer	10	2
Actor	11	3
Performer, Showman, Exhibition, Service	1	-
Billiard, Cricket & other Games, Service	3	-
4. PERSONS ENGAGED IN DOMESTIC OFFICES OR SERVICES.	526	3,191
Domestic Coachman, Groom	173	-
Domestic Gardener	127	1
Domestic Indoor Servant	200	2,740
Lodge, Gate, Park Keeper (not Government)	1	1
Inn, Hotel Servant	11	54
College, Club Service	2	1
Office Keeper (not Government)	1	7
Cook (not domestic)	2	4
Charwoman	-	128
Washing and Bathing Service	-	216
Hospital and Institution Service	8	37
Others engaged in Service	1	2
5. PERSONS ENGAGED IN COMMERCIAL OCCUPATIONS.	781	11
Broker, Agent, Factor	26	3
Auctioneer, Appraiser, Valuer, House Agent	14	-
Accountant	13	-
Salesman, Buyer (not otherwise specified)	-	1
Commercial Traveller	39	2
Commercial Clerk	644	5
Officer of Commercial Company, Guild, Society &c.	2	-
Bank Service	24	-
Bill Discounter, Bill Broker, Finance Agent	1	-
Life, House, Ship &c., Insurance Service	18	-
6. PERSONS ENGAGED IN CONVEYANCE OF MEN, GOODS, AND MESSAGES.	1,281	14
Railway Engine Driver, Stoker	185	1
Railway Guard	61	-
Pointsman, Level Crossing Man	94	1
Other Railway Officials and Servants	528	-
Toll Collector, Turnpike Gate Keeper	1	-
Omnibus, Coach, Cab, Owner - Livery Stable Keeper	8	1
Cabman, Flyman, Coachman (not domestic)	55	1
Carman, Carrier, Carter, Haulier	197	3
Wheel Chair Proprietor, Attendant &c.	1	-
Inland Navigation Service	5	1
Bargeman, Lighterman, Waterman	7	1
Seaman (Merchant Service)	6	-
Warehouseman (not Manchester)	4	1
Meter, Weigher	1	-
Messenger, Porter, Watchman (not Railway or Government)	125	1
Telegraph, Telephone Service	3	3
7. PERSONS ENGAGED IN AGRICULTURE.	2,642	130
Farmer, Grazier	493	45
Farmer's, Grazier's - Son, Grandson, Brother, Nephew	164	1
Farm Bailiff	42	2
Agricultural Labourer, Farm Servant, Cottager	1,714	77
Shepherd	22	-
Land Drainage Service (not in towns)	3	-
Agricultural Machine - Proprietor, Attendant	13	-
Agricultural Student	1	-
Others engaged in, or connected with agriculture	1	-
Woodman	3	-
Nurseryman, Seedsman, Florist	2	2
Gardener (not domestic)	184	3
8. PERSONS ENGAGED ABOUT ANIMALS.	135	1
Horse Proprietor, Breeder, Dealer	3	-
Groom, Horse-keeper, Horse-breaker	70	-
Veterinary Surgeon, Farrier	12	-
Cattle, Sheep, Pig - Dealer, Salesman	11	-
Drover	1	-
Gamekeeper	34	-
Dog, Bird, Animal - Keeper, Dealer	1	1
Vermin Destroyer	3	-
9. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN BOOKS, PRINTS, AND MAPS.	57	8
Publisher, Bookseller, Librarian	7	1
Music-Publisher, Seller, Printer	1	-
Bookbinder	2	2
Printer	45	1
Newspaper Agent, News Room Keeper	2	4
10. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN MACHINES AND IMPLEMENTS.	380	5
Engine, Machine Maker	75	-
Millwright	14	-
Fitter, Turner (Engine and Machine)	187	2
Boiler Maker	55	-
Spinning and Weaving Machine Maker	1	-
Agricultural Machine and Implement Maker	1	-
Tool Maker, Dealer	2	-
Cutler, Scissors Maker	11	-
Saw Maker	4	-
Needle Maker	1	1
Watch Maker, Clock Maker	16	-
Electrical Apparatus Maker	4	-
Weighing and Measuring Apparatus Maker	1	-
Gunsmith, Gun Manufacturer	2	-
Musical Instrument Maker, Dealer	5	-
Toy Maker, Dealer	-	2
Fishing Rod, Tackle, Maker, Dealer	1	-
11. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN HOUSES, FURNITURE, AND DECORATIONS.	2,161	10
Builder	115	-
Carpenter, Joiner	713	1
Bricklayer	689	-
Mason	149	-
Slater, Tiler	12	1
Plasterer, Whitewasher	65	-
Paperhanger	3	-
Plumber	131	-
Painter, Glazier	214	1
Cabinet Maker	27	3
French Polisher	2	1
Furniture Broker, Dealer	8	3
Locksmith, Bellhanger	3	-
Gas Fitter	16	-
House and Shop Fittings - Maker, Dealer	3	-
Funeral Furniture Maker, Undertaker	2	-
Carver, Gilder	8	-
Figure, Image - Maker, Dealer	1	-
12. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CARRIAGES AND HARNESS.	217	2
Coachmaker	23	-
Railway Carriage, Railway Wagon, Maker	7	-
Wheelwright	150	1
Others	4	-
Saddler, Harness, Whip Maker	33	1
13. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN SHIPS AND BOATS.	7	-
Ship, Boat, Barge Builder	7	-
14. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CHEMICALS AND COMPOUNDS.	39	5
Chemist, Druggist	39	5
15. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TOBACCO AND PIPES.	9	2
Tobacco Manufacture, Tobacconist	7	1
Tobacco Pipe, Snuff Box &c. Maker	2	1
16. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN FOOD AND LODGING.	3,705	177
Innkeeper, Hotel Keeper, Publican	155	28
Lodging, Boarding House Keeper	4	18
Coffee, Eating House, Keeper	4	5
Hop - Merchant, Dealer	1	-
Maltster	444	2
Brewer	2,325	9
Beerseller, Ale, Porter, Cider Dealer	30	11
Cellarman	5	-
Wine, Spirit - Merchant, Agent	7	-
Milkseller, Dairyman	24	2
Cheesemonger, Butterman	7	-
Butcher, Meat Salesman	223	9
Provision Curer, Dealer	21	4
Poulterer, Game Dealer	3	-
Fishmonger	18	5
Corn, Flour, Seed Merchant, Dealer	3	-
Corn Miller	23	-
Baker	133	6
Confectioner, Pastrycook	13	12
Greengrocer, Fruiterer	26	12
Grocer. Tea, Coffee, Chocolate Maker, Dealer	233	54
Ginger Beer, Mineral Water Manufacturer, Dealer	3	-
17. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TEXTILE FABRICS.	175	255
Woollen Cloth Manufacture	-	1
Silk, Silk Goods, Manufacture	-	5
Cotton, Cotton Goods Manufacture	66	183
Cotton, Calico - Printer, Dyer, Bleacher	-	1
Flax, Linen - Manufacturer, Dealer	1	-
Lace Manufacturer, Dealer	-	5
Tape Manufacturer, Dealer	3	14
Rope, Twine, Cord - Maker, Dealer	10	2
Net Maker	-	1
Sacking, Sack, Bag - Maker, Dealer	-	1
Dyer, Printer, Scourer, Bleacher, Calenderer (undefined)	-	1
Factory Hand (textile, undefined)	1	2
Felt Manufacture	1	-
Draper, Linen Draper, Mercer	93	31
Fancy Goods (Textile) Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	-	7
Embroiderer	-	1
18. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN DRESS.	450	933
Hatter, Hat Manufacture	7	1
Straw - Hat, Bonnet, Plait Manufacture	-	4
Tailor	187	38
Milliner, Dressmaker, Staymaker	2	775
Shirt Maker, Seamstress	-	76
Hosiery Manufacture	4	8
Hosier, Haberdasher	4	13
Glover, Glove Maker	-	1
Shoe, Boot - Maker, Dealer	206	13
Patten, Clog Maker	11	-
Wig Maker, Hair Dresser	27	2
Umbrella, Parasol, Stick - Maker, Dealer	2	-
Old Clothes Dealer, and others	-	2
19. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS ANIMAL SUBSTANCES.	38	-
Tallow Chandler, Candle, Grease Manufacture	8	-
Tanner, Fellmonger	12	-
Currier	11	-
Leather Goods, Portmanteau, Bag, Strap &c., Maker, Dealer	1	-
Brush, Broom, Maker	6	-
20. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES.	1,195	13
Willow, Cane, Rush Worker, Dealer, Basketmaker	13	3
Hay, Straw (not plait), Chaff, Cutter, Dealer	2	-
Timber, Wood - Merchant, Dealer	21	-
Sawyer	106	-
Lath, Wooden Fence, Hurdle Maker	4	1
Wood Turner, Box Maker	45	-
Cooper, Hoop Maker, Bender	988	2
Cork, Bark - Cutter, Worker, Dealer	4	-
Stationer, Law Stationer	6	7
Ticket, Label Writer	1	-
Others	5	-
21. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS MINERAL SUBSTANCES.	3,685	197
Coal Miner	1,961	5
Ironstone Miner	1	-
Lead Miner	2	-
Miner, in other or undefined Minerals	9	2
Mine Service	13	-
Coal Merchant	45	1
Coalheaver	12	-
Coke, Charcoal, Peat - Cutter, Burner, Dealer	1	-
Gas Works Service	37	-
Stone Quarrier	2	1
Stone Cutter, Dresser, Dealer	7	-
Clay, Sand, Gravel, Chalk, Labourer, Dealer	22	-
Well Sinker, Borer	3	-
Plaster, Cement Manufacture	5	-
Brick, Tile - Maker, Burner, Dealer	221	12
Paviour	4	-
Road Labourer	19	-
Railway Contractor	2	-
Platelayer	94	-
Railway Labourer, Navvy	158	-
Others	1	-
Earthenware, China, Porcelain, Manufacture	377	162
Glass Manufacture	113	6
Earthenware, China, Glass Dealer	9	3
Waterworks Service	1	-
Goldsmith, Silversmith, Jeweller	7	1
[Iron Manufacture]	126	1
Blacksmith	283	-
Whitesmith	10	-
Nail Manufacture	4	-
Ironmonger. Hardware Dealer, Merchant	27	3
Other Iron and Steel Manufacture	4	-
[Coppersmith]	36	-
Tin, Tin Plate, Tin Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	27	-
Lead, Leaden Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	3	-
Metal Refiner, Worker, Turner, Dealer	1	-
Brass, Bronze Manufacture. Brazier	28	-
White Metal, Plated Ware, Manufacture. Pewterer	2	-
Wire Maker, Worker, Weaver, Drawer	1	-
Bolt, Nut, Rivet, Screw, Staple Maker	7	-
22. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN GENERAL OR UNSPECIFIED COMMODITIES.	2,709	106
General Shopkeeper, Dealer	24	58
Pawnbroker	3	-
Costermonger, Huckster, Street Seller	66	17
Manufacturer, Manager, Superintendant (undefined)	10	1
Contractor (undefined)	2	-
General Labourer	2,222	6
Engine Driver, Stoker, Fireman (not railway, marine or agricultural)	271	-
Artizan, Mechanic (undefined)	67	12
Apprentice (undefined)	7	-
Factory Labourer (undefined)	33	7
Machinist, Machine Worker (undefined)	4	5
23. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN REFUSE MATTERS.	39	-
Town Drainage Service	9	-
Chimney Sweep, Soot Merchant	16	-
Scavenger, Crossing Sweeper	3	-
Rag Gatherer, Dealer	11	-
24. PERSONS WITHOUT SPECIFIED OCCUPATIONS.	439	2,109
Persons returned by Property, Rank &c. and not special occupation	439	2,109
[UNKNOWN OCCUPATION]	228	10,999
[Occupation recorded but of unknown meaning]	16	3
[Blank field, or illegible]	212	10,996

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Notes:

The following notes to the table appeared in the original report.

1	This table is a very special case: The original Table 10 as published by Division in the 1881 census reports was limited to data for Registration Divisions, their component Registration Counties, and just those Urban Sanitary Districts with populations of over 50,000. Data presented here for counties and higher-level units are taken from the published reports, as usual, but we also include in A Vision of Britain through Time data for Registration Districts, sub-Districts and Civil Parishes which never appeared in the original reports. These were specially created for us by the History Data Service at the University of Essex and derive from the complete transcription of the individual-level Enumerators Book data coordinated by the Genealogical Society of Utah.
2	In creating these data, each occupation listed in the enumerators books has been assigned as far as possible to the relevant category used in the published reports, but some additional categories with labels in square brackets unavoidably appear. Unlike the published statistics for higher-level units, these specially-calculated data for districts and parishes include persons under 15 or over 65. For these and other reasons, no attempt has been made to ensure that county totals for the districts or parishes match the published county totals. The remaining notes are those that appeared below the original published table.
3	NOTE.--Persons returned as engaged in more than one occupation have been referred to the one that appeared to be of most importance; or if there was no difference in this respect, to the one first given by the person in his or her return. In some cases special rules have been followed: e.g. "Clergyman and Schoolmaster" in combination has always been referred to "Schoolmaster"; a Member of Parliament or Peer engaged in any branch of commerce or industry has always been referred to this latter, not to "Peer, M.P.".
4	The numbers returned under any heading include Labourers, Apprentices, and Assistants, as well as Masters, but not Clerks, Messengers, Errand boys, Porters, or Watchmen, for which occupations there are special headings. Civil, Military, and Naval Clerks, Law, Bank, Insurance, and Railway Clerks, and Government and Railway Porters, are, however, exceptions to this rule. Many young persons, being Apprentices or Assistants, have therefore been referred to occupations usually followed by adults. Women also, chiefly widows or orphans carrying on the business of their deceased husbands or fathers, will sometimes be found under occupations commonly followed by men only.
5	Persons returned as retired from any business have not been referred to that business. Inmates of workhouses have been referred to their trades, unless their age or infirmities showed that they were past work. But persons who might be supposed to be only temporarily separated from their usual employment, such as Prisoners, and Patients in General Hospitals, have been classed under their usual occupations.
6	In some cases, for convenience of space, the male designation, e.g. "Schoolmaster", alone is given, instead of "Schoolmaster, Schoolmistress".

This website does not try to provide an exact replica of the original printed census tables, which often had thousands of rows and far more columns than will fit on our web pages. Instead, we let you drill down from national totals to the most detailed data available. The column headings are those that appeared in the original printed report. The numbers presented here, which are the same ones we use to create statistical maps and graphs, come from the census table and have usually been carefully checked.

The system can only hold statistics for units listed in our administrative gazetteer, so some rows from the original table may be missing. Sometimes big low-level units, like urban parishes, were divided between more than one higher-level units, like Registration sub-Districts. This is why some pages will give a higher figure for a lower-level unit: it covers the whole of the lower-level unit, not just the part within the current higher-level unit.

Acknowledgments:

We are grateful to the following contributors. If you make use of the data in your own work, please follow any instructions given here on acknowledgment and re-use.

(1) Kevin Schurer (Department of Geography, University of Cambridge). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)

(2) Matthew Woollard (UK Data Service, University of Essex). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)