Vision of Britain | 1881 Census: Ages

1881 Census of England and Wales, Tables: Ages, Condition as to Marriage, Occupations and Birthplaces of people, Table 10 : " Occupations of Males and Females in the Division and its Registration Counties".

Show Sussex RegC table	Hastings RegD/PLU

OCCUPATIONS.	Males. [1]	Females. [2]
1. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE GENERAL OR LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF THE COUNTRY.	177	15
Peer, M.P., Privy Councillor (not otherwise described)	3	-
Civil Service (officers and clerks)	43	9
Civil Service (messengers, &c.)	42	2
Prison Service, &c.	1	-
Police	51	1
Municipal, Parish, Union, District, Officer	26	2
Other Local or County Official	6	-
East Indian and Colonial Service	5	1
2. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE DEFENCE OF THE COUNTRY.	175	1
Army Officer (effective/retired)	43	1
Soldier and Non-commissioned officer	6	-
Militia, Yeomanry, Volunteers	6	-
Army Pensioner	9	-
Navy Officer (effective/retired)	13	-
Seaman, R.N.	67	-
Royal Marines (officers/men)	1	-
Navy Pensioner	30	-
3. PERSONS ENGAGED IN PROFESSIONAL OCCUPATIONS (WITH THEIR IMMEDIATE SUBORDINATES).	757	754
Clergymen (Established Church)	60	-
Roman Catholic Priest	4	-
Minister, Priest of other religious bodies	21	-
Missionary, Scripture Reader, Itinerant preacher	8	5
Nun, Sister of Charity	-	2
Theological Student	1	-
Church, chapel, cemetery - officer, servant	6	3
Barrister, Solicitor	79	1
Law Student	8	-
Law Clerk, and others connected with the law	61	-
Physician, Surgeon, General Practitioner	52	2
Dentist	14	1
Medical Student, Assistant	17	-
Midwife	-	3
Subordinate Medical Service	7	132
Schoolmaster	85	339
Teacher, Professor, Lecturer	35	156
School Service, and others connected with teaching	3	11
Author, Editor, Journalist	16	2
Reporter, Short-hand Writer	5	-
Persons engaged in Scientific Pursuits	5	1
Literary, Scientific, Institution, Service, &c.	2	1
Civil Engineer	18	-
Land, House, Ship, Surveyor	12	-
Painter (artist)	24	20
Engraver (artist)	2	-
Sculptor	1	-
Architect	33	1
Musician, Music Master	94	45
Art Student	10	6
Photographer	36	13
Actor	13	7
Art, Music, Theatre Service	2	-
Performer, Showman, Exhibition, Service	10	3
Billiard, Cricket & other Games, Service	13	-
4. PERSONS ENGAGED IN DOMESTIC OFFICES OR SERVICES.	573	5,880
Domestic Coachman, Groom	92	-
Domestic Gardener	59	-
Domestic Indoor Servant	248	4,969
Lodge, Gate, Park Keeper (not Government)	2	2
Inn, Hotel Servant	115	97
College, Club Service	2	-
Office Keeper (not Government)	2	2
Cook (not domestic)	4	7
Charwoman	-	148
Washing and Bathing Service	42	632
Hospital and Institution Service	2	23
Others engaged in Service	5	-
5. PERSONS ENGAGED IN COMMERCIAL OCCUPATIONS.	443	28
Merchant	39	1
Broker, Agent, Factor	62	3
Auctioneer, Appraiser, Valuer, House Agent	38	1
Accountant	15	1
Salesman, Buyer (not otherwise specified)	1	1
Commercial Traveller	30	-
Commercial Clerk	194	19
Officer of Commercial Company, Guild, Society &c.	2	1
Banker	2	-
Bank Service	30	-
Bill Discounter, Bill Broker, Finance Agent	3	1
Life, House, Ship &c., Insurance Service	27	-
6. PERSONS ENGAGED IN CONVEYANCE OF MEN, GOODS, AND MESSAGES.	1,084	12
Railway Engine Driver, Stoker	32	-
Railway Guard	21	-
Pointsman, Level Crossing Man	7	-
Other Railway Officials and Servants	99	1
Toll Collector, Turnpike Gate Keeper	1	-
Omnibus, Coach, Cab, Owner - Livery Stable Keeper	42	-
Cabman, Flyman, Coachman (not domestic)	236	-
Carman, Carrier, Carter, Haulier	227	-
Wheel Chair Proprietor, Attendant &c.	34	-
Inland Navigation Service	1	-
Bargeman, Lighterman, Waterman	12	-
Navigation Service (on shore)	6	1
Seaman (Merchant Service)	70	-
Ship Steward, Cook	-	2
Boatman on Seas	16	-
Harbour, Dock, Wharf, Lighthouse Service	7	-
Warehouseman (not Manchester)	12	-
Messenger, Porter, Watchman (not Railway or Government)	256	-
Telegraph, Telephone Service	5	8
7. PERSONS ENGAGED IN AGRICULTURE.	691	17
Farmer, Grazier	76	3
Farmer's, Grazier's - Son, Grandson, Brother, Nephew	17	-
Farm Bailiff	17	-
Agricultural Labourer, Farm Servant, Cottager	271	7
Shepherd	8	-
Agricultural Machine - Proprietor, Attendant	4	-
Others engaged in, or connected with agriculture	5	1
Woodman	2	-
Nurseryman, Seedsman, Florist	23	5
Gardener (not domestic)	268	1
8. PERSONS ENGAGED ABOUT ANIMALS.	391	2
Horse Proprietor, Breeder, Dealer	2	-
Groom, Horse-keeper, Horse-breaker	79	-
Veterinary Surgeon, Farrier	6	-
Cattle, Sheep, Pig - Dealer, Salesman	2	-
Drover	2	-
Gamekeeper	7	-
Dog, Bird, Animal - Keeper, Dealer	2	-
Vermin Destroyer	1	-
Fisherman	290	2
9. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN BOOKS, PRINTS, AND MAPS.	168	25
Publisher, Bookseller, Librarian	33	13
Music-Publisher, Seller, Printer	4	2
Bookbinder	10	9
Printer	112	1
Newspaper Agent, News Room Keeper	3	-
Lithographer, Lithographic Printer	6	-
10. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN MACHINES AND IMPLEMENTS.	87	6
Engine, Machine Maker	10	-
Fitter, Turner (Engine and Machine)	12	-
Agricultural Machine and Implement Maker	1	-
Cutler, Scissors Maker	8	-
Watch Maker, Clock Maker	35	2
Philosophical Instrument Maker	1	-
Electrical Apparatus Maker	2	-
Weighing and Measuring Apparatus Maker	2	-
Musical Instrument Maker, Dealer	11	1
Toy Maker, Dealer	4	3
Apparatus for other games, Maker, Dealer	1	-
11. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN HOUSES, FURNITURE, AND DECORATIONS.	2,384	31
Builder	177	-
Carpenter, Joiner	630	2
Bricklayer	526	1
Mason	94	-
Slater, Tiler	5	-
Plasterer, Whitewasher	225	-
Paperhanger	27	-
Plumber	119	-
Painter, Glazier	317	1
Cabinet Maker	143	19
French Polisher	19	2
Furniture Broker, Dealer	17	2
Locksmith, Bellhanger	4	-
Gas Fitter	48	-
House and Shop Fittings - Maker, Dealer	5	-
Wood Carver	3	-
Carver, Gilder	17	1
Dealer in Works of Art	4	-
Animal, Bird &c. Preserver, Naturalist	2	2
Artificial Flower Maker	2	1
12. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CARRIAGES AND HARNESS.	135	-
Coachmaker	85	-
Railway Carriage, Railway Wagon, Maker	1	-
Wheelwright	26	-
Saddler, Harness, Whip Maker	23	-
13. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN SHIPS AND BOATS.	23	1
Ship, Boat, Barge Builder	15	1
Shipwright, Ship Carpenter (ashore)	4	-
Sail Maker	4	-
14. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CHEMICALS AND COMPOUNDS.	68	-
Dye, Paint Manufacture	2	-
Fusee, Fireworks, Explosive Article Manufacture	1	-
Chemist, Druggist	61	-
Manufacturing Chemist	3	-
Alkali Manufacture	1	-
15. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TOBACCO AND PIPES.	15	4
Tobacco Manufacture, Tobacconist	15	4
16. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN FOOD AND LODGING.	1,359	595
Innkeeper, Hotel Keeper, Publican	117	19
Lodging, Boarding House Keeper	117	468
Coffee, Eating House, Keeper	20	8
Hop - Merchant, Dealer	2	-
Maltster	1	-
Brewer	26	-
Beerseller, Ale, Porter, Cider Dealer	14	3
Cellarman	26	2
Wine, Spirit - Merchant, Agent	41	-
Milkseller, Dairyman	96	3
Cheesemonger, Butterman	5	-
Butcher, Meat Salesman	169	5
Provision Curer, Dealer	10	2
Poulterer, Game Dealer	25	1
Fishmonger	79	6
Corn, Flour, Seed Merchant, Dealer	18	1
Corn Miller	7	-
Baker	184	6
Confectioner, Pastrycook	39	25
Greengrocer, Fruiterer	73	28
Sugar Refiner	4	-
Grocer. Tea, Coffee, Chocolate Maker, Dealer	269	17
Ginger Beer, Mineral Water Manufacturer, Dealer	17	1
17. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TEXTILE FABRICS.	204	160
Woollen Cloth Manufacture	1	-
Worsted, Stuff, Manufacture	1	-
Cloth, Worsted, Stuff, Flannel, Blanket Dealer	9	-
Silk, Silk Goods, Manufacture	1	1
Silk Dyer, Printer	1	-
Silk Merchant, Dealer	3	-
Cotton, Cotton Goods Manufacture	1	-
Cotton, Calico - Printer, Dyer, Bleacher	1	-
Cotton, Calico - Warehouseman, Dealer	1	-
Flax, Linen - Manufacturer, Dealer	2	-
Lace Manufacturer, Dealer	1	2
Dyer, Printer, Scourer, Bleacher, Calenderer (undefined)	9	4
Draper, Linen Draper, Mercer	166	138
Fancy Goods (Textile) Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	7	14
Embroiderer	-	1
18. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN DRESS.	361	902
Hatter, Hat Manufacture	3	-
Straw - Hat, Bonnet, Plait Manufacture	-	2
Tailor	158	25
Milliner, Dressmaker, Staymaker	4	785
Shirt Maker, Seamstress	1	72
Hosiery Manufacture	1	-
Hosier, Haberdasher	16	6
Glover, Glove Maker	1	-
Shoe, Boot - Maker, Dealer	138	4
Wig Maker, Hair Dresser	35	2
Umbrella, Parasol, Stick - Maker, Dealer	3	3
Old Clothes Dealer, and others	1	3
19. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS ANIMAL SUBSTANCES.	15	2
Tallow Chandler, Candle, Grease Manufacture	5	1
Manure Manufacture	1	-
Comb Maker	1	-
Others	1	-
Furrier, Skinner	1	1
Currier	4	-
Leather Goods, Portmanteau, Bag, Strap &c., Maker, Dealer	1	-
Brush, Broom, Maker	1	-
20. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES.	140	22
Oil Miller, Oil Cake - Maker, Dealer	1	-
Oil and Colourman	9	3
India Rubber, Gutta Percha - Worker, Dealer	1	1
Waterproof Goods - Maker, Dealer	1	2
Others	1	-
Willow, Cane, Rush Worker, Dealer, Basketmaker	19	-
Hay, Straw (not plait), Chaff, Cutter, Dealer	1	-
Timber, Wood - Merchant, Dealer	13	1
Sawyer	27	-
Lath, Wooden Fence, Hurdle Maker	10	-
Wood Turner, Box Maker	3	-
Cooper, Hoop Maker, Bender	7	-
Paper Manufacture	5	1
Envelope Maker	1	-
Stationer, Law Stationer	37	14
Ticket, Label Writer	1	-
Others	3	-
21. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS MINERAL SUBSTANCES.	627	14
Coal Miner	1	-
Miner, in other or undefined Minerals	1	-
Mine Service	1	-
Coal Merchant	36	-
Coalheaver	29	-
Coke, Charcoal, Peat - Cutter, Burner, Dealer	1	-
Gas Works Service	59	1
Stone Quarrier	3	-
Stone Cutter, Dresser, Dealer	7	-
Clay, Sand, Gravel, Chalk, Labourer, Dealer	3	-
Well Sinker, Borer	5	-
Brick, Tile - Maker, Burner, Dealer	94	-
Road Contractor, Surveyor, Inspector	1	-
Road Labourer	30	-
Platelayer	12	-
Railway Labourer, Navvy	32	1
Earthenware, China, Porcelain, Manufacture	2	2
Glass Manufacture	2	-
Earthenware, China, Glass Dealer	14	3
Waterworks Service	6	-
Goldsmith, Silversmith, Jeweller	38	3
Others	1	-
[Iron Manufacture]	10	-
Blacksmith	121	1
Whitesmith	24	-
Ironmonger. Hardware Dealer, Merchant	67	2
Tin, Tin Plate, Tin Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	20	-
Zinc, Zinc Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	1	-
Metal Refiner, Worker, Turner, Dealer	2	-
Brass, Bronze Manufacture. Brazier	3	-
Metal Burnisher, Lacquerer	-	1
White Metal, Plated Ware, Manufacture. Pewterer	1	-
22. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN GENERAL OR UNSPECIFIED COMMODITIES.	847	170
General Shopkeeper, Dealer	48	68
Pawnbroker	12	1
Costermonger, Huckster, Street Seller	83	62
Manufacturer, Manager, Superintendant (undefined)	4	4
Contractor (undefined)	1	-
General Labourer	630	4
Engine Driver, Stoker, Fireman (not railway, marine or agricultural)	25	-
Artizan, Mechanic (undefined)	31	26
Apprentice (undefined)	10	3
Factory Labourer (undefined)	2	1
Machinist, Machine Worker (undefined)	1	1
23. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN REFUSE MATTERS.	24	1
Town Drainage Service	1	-
Chimney Sweep, Soot Merchant	17	-
Scavenger, Crossing Sweeper	3	-
Rag Gatherer, Dealer	3	1
24. PERSONS WITHOUT SPECIFIED OCCUPATIONS.	461	2,625
Persons returned by Property, Rank &c. and not special occupation	461	2,625
[UNKNOWN OCCUPATION]	239	7,115
[Occupation recorded but of unknown meaning]	7	4
[Blank field, or illegible]	232	7,111

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Notes:

The following notes to the table appeared in the original report.

1	This table is a very special case: The original Table 10 as published by Division in the 1881 census reports was limited to data for Registration Divisions, their component Registration Counties, and just those Urban Sanitary Districts with populations of over 50,000. Data presented here for counties and higher-level units are taken from the published reports, as usual, but we also include in A Vision of Britain through Time data for Registration Districts, sub-Districts and Civil Parishes which never appeared in the original reports. These were specially created for us by the History Data Service at the University of Essex and derive from the complete transcription of the individual-level Enumerators Book data coordinated by the Genealogical Society of Utah.
2	In creating these data, each occupation listed in the enumerators books has been assigned as far as possible to the relevant category used in the published reports, but some additional categories with labels in square brackets unavoidably appear. Unlike the published statistics for higher-level units, these specially-calculated data for districts and parishes include persons under 15 or over 65. For these and other reasons, no attempt has been made to ensure that county totals for the districts or parishes match the published county totals. The remaining notes are those that appeared below the original published table.
3	NOTE.--Persons returned as engaged in more than one occupation have been referred to the one that appeared to be of most importance; or if there was no difference in this respect, to the one first given by the person in his or her return. In some cases special rules have been followed: e.g. "Clergyman and Schoolmaster" in combination has always been referred to "Schoolmaster"; a Member of Parliament or Peer engaged in any branch of commerce or industry has always been referred to this latter, not to "Peer, M.P.".
4	The numbers returned under any heading include Labourers, Apprentices, and Assistants, as well as Masters, but not Clerks, Messengers, Errand boys, Porters, or Watchmen, for which occupations there are special headings. Civil, Military, and Naval Clerks, Law, Bank, Insurance, and Railway Clerks, and Government and Railway Porters, are, however, exceptions to this rule. Many young persons, being Apprentices or Assistants, have therefore been referred to occupations usually followed by adults. Women also, chiefly widows or orphans carrying on the business of their deceased husbands or fathers, will sometimes be found under occupations commonly followed by men only.
5	Persons returned as retired from any business have not been referred to that business. Inmates of workhouses have been referred to their trades, unless their age or infirmities showed that they were past work. But persons who might be supposed to be only temporarily separated from their usual employment, such as Prisoners, and Patients in General Hospitals, have been classed under their usual occupations.
6	In some cases, for convenience of space, the male designation, e.g. "Schoolmaster", alone is given, instead of "Schoolmaster, Schoolmistress".

This website does not try to provide an exact replica of the original printed census tables, which often had thousands of rows and far more columns than will fit on our web pages. Instead, we let you drill down from national totals to the most detailed data available. The column headings are those that appeared in the original printed report. The numbers presented here, which are the same ones we use to create statistical maps and graphs, come from the census table and have usually been carefully checked.

The system can only hold statistics for units listed in our administrative gazetteer, so some rows from the original table may be missing. Sometimes big low-level units, like urban parishes, were divided between more than one higher-level units, like Registration sub-Districts. This is why some pages will give a higher figure for a lower-level unit: it covers the whole of the lower-level unit, not just the part within the current higher-level unit.

Acknowledgments:

We are grateful to the following contributors. If you make use of the data in your own work, please follow any instructions given here on acknowledgment and re-use.

(1) Kevin Schurer (Department of Geography, University of Cambridge). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)

(2) Matthew Woollard (UK Data Service, University of Essex). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)