Vision of Britain | 1881 Census: Ages

1881 Census of England and Wales, Tables: Ages, Condition as to Marriage, Occupations and Birthplaces of people, Table 10 : " Occupations of Males and Females in the Division and its Registration Counties".

Show Tonbridge RegD/PLU table	Tonbridge AP/CP

OCCUPATIONS.	Males. [1]	Females. [2]
1. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE GENERAL OR LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF THE COUNTRY.	125	7
Civil Service (officers and clerks)	28	5
Civil Service (messengers, &c.)	25	-
Police	42	-
Municipal, Parish, Union, District, Officer	16	1
Other Local or County Official	14	-
East Indian and Colonial Service	-	1
2. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE DEFENCE OF THE COUNTRY.	75	5
Army Officer (effective/retired)	41	3
Soldier and Non-commissioned officer	13	1
Militia, Yeomanry, Volunteers	9	1
Army Pensioner	5	-
Navy Officer (effective/retired)	3	-
Royal Marines (officers/men)	3	-
Navy Pensioner	1	-
3. PERSONS ENGAGED IN PROFESSIONAL OCCUPATIONS (WITH THEIR IMMEDIATE SUBORDINATES).	441	436
Clergymen (Established Church)	37	-
Roman Catholic Priest	2	-
Minister, Priest of other religious bodies	14	-
Missionary, Scripture Reader, Itinerant preacher	4	5
Nun, Sister of Charity	-	10
Theological Student	2	-
Church, chapel, cemetery - officer, servant	7	3
Barrister, Solicitor	35	-
Law Student	4	-
Law Clerk, and others connected with the law	46	-
Physician, Surgeon, General Practitioner	25	-
Dentist	8	-
Medical Student, Assistant	8	-
Subordinate Medical Service	3	95
Schoolmaster	85	148
Teacher, Professor, Lecturer	19	119
School Service, and others connected with teaching	-	9
Author, Editor, Journalist	6	2
Reporter, Short-hand Writer	3	-
Persons engaged in Scientific Pursuits	2	-
Literary, Scientific, Institution, Service, &c.	-	1
Civil Engineer	9	-
Land, House, Ship, Surveyor	8	-
Painter (artist)	10	10
Architect	19	-
Musician, Music Master	36	23
Art Student	3	-
Photographer	29	8
Actor	2	1
Art, Music, Theatre Service	1	-
Performer, Showman, Exhibition, Service	7	2
Billiard, Cricket & other Games, Service	7	-
4. PERSONS ENGAGED IN DOMESTIC OFFICES OR SERVICES.	459	3,580
Domestic Coachman, Groom	97	-
Domestic Gardener	132	2
Domestic Indoor Servant	162	2,952
Inn, Hotel Servant	45	38
College, Club Service	2	1
Office Keeper (not Government)	3	2
Cook (not domestic)	3	3
Charwoman	1	105
Washing and Bathing Service	13	469
Hospital and Institution Service	1	8
5. PERSONS ENGAGED IN COMMERCIAL OCCUPATIONS.	274	16
Merchant	14	-
Broker, Agent, Factor	29	-
Auctioneer, Appraiser, Valuer, House Agent	23	-
Accountant	10	-
Salesman, Buyer (not otherwise specified)	1	1
Commercial Traveller	25	-
Commercial Clerk	126	15
Banker	5	-
Bank Service	25	-
Bill Discounter, Bill Broker, Finance Agent	1	-
Life, House, Ship &c., Insurance Service	15	-
6. PERSONS ENGAGED IN CONVEYANCE OF MEN, GOODS, AND MESSAGES.	687	10
Railway Engine Driver, Stoker	52	-
Railway Guard	19	-
Pointsman, Level Crossing Man	6	1
Other Railway Officials and Servants	151	4
Omnibus, Coach, Cab, Owner - Livery Stable Keeper	24	1
Cabman, Flyman, Coachman (not domestic)	152	1
Carman, Carrier, Carter, Haulier	125	-
Wheel Chair Proprietor, Attendant &c.	12	-
Inland Navigation Service	1	-
Bargeman, Lighterman, Waterman	3	-
Navigation Service (on shore)	2	-
Seaman (Merchant Service)	6	-
Ship Steward, Cook	1	-
Harbour, Dock, Wharf, Lighthouse Service	1	-
Warehouseman (not Manchester)	9	-
Messenger, Porter, Watchman (not Railway or Government)	117	1
Telegraph, Telephone Service	6	2
7. PERSONS ENGAGED IN AGRICULTURE.	1,025	28
Farmer, Grazier	51	1
Farmer's, Grazier's - Son, Grandson, Brother, Nephew	9	-
Farm Bailiff	23	-
Agricultural Labourer, Farm Servant, Cottager	563	23
Shepherd	5	-
Agricultural Machine - Proprietor, Attendant	3	-
Agricultural Student	1	-
Others engaged in, or connected with agriculture	4	-
Woodman	-	1
Nurseryman, Seedsman, Florist	18	3
Gardener (not domestic)	348	-
8. PERSONS ENGAGED ABOUT ANIMALS.	119	2
Horse Proprietor, Breeder, Dealer	5	-
Groom, Horse-keeper, Horse-breaker	75	1
Veterinary Surgeon, Farrier	5	-
Cattle, Sheep, Pig - Dealer, Salesman	5	1
Drover	6	-
Gamekeeper	18	-
Dog, Bird, Animal - Keeper, Dealer	5	-
9. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN BOOKS, PRINTS, AND MAPS.	99	13
Publisher, Bookseller, Librarian	16	7
Music-Publisher, Seller, Printer	1	2
Bookbinder	5	-
Printer	69	2
Newspaper Agent, News Room Keeper	3	2
Lithographer, Lithographic Printer	5	-
10. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN MACHINES AND IMPLEMENTS.	228	8
Engine, Machine Maker	8	1
Fitter, Turner (Engine and Machine)	10	-
Boiler Maker	2	-
Agricultural Machine and Implement Maker	3	-
Cutler, Scissors Maker	3	-
Steel Pen Maker	-	1
Watch Maker, Clock Maker	43	-
Electrical Apparatus Maker	28	-
Weighing and Measuring Apparatus Maker	4	-
Gunsmith, Gun Manufacturer	3	-
Musical Instrument Maker, Dealer	8	-
Toy Maker, Dealer	-	6
Apparatus for other games, Maker, Dealer	116	-
11. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN HOUSES, FURNITURE, AND DECORATIONS.	1,471	30
Builder	77	2
Carpenter, Joiner	402	2
Bricklayer	323	1
Mason	44	1
Plasterer, Whitewasher	79	-
Paperhanger	6	-
Plumber	114	1
Painter, Glazier	264	4
Cabinet Maker	67	16
French Polisher	8	-
Furniture Broker, Dealer	15	1
Locksmith, Bellhanger	4	-
Gas Fitter	25	1
House and Shop Fittings - Maker, Dealer	6	1
Others	1	-
Wood Carver	18	-
Carver, Gilder	17	-
Animal, Bird &c. Preserver, Naturalist	1	-
12. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CARRIAGES AND HARNESS.	116	1
Coachmaker	57	-
Railway Carriage, Railway Wagon, Maker	1	-
Wheelwright	30	-
Saddler, Harness, Whip Maker	28	1
13. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN SHIPS AND BOATS.	9	-
Ship, Boat, Barge Builder	7	-
Shipwright, Ship Carpenter (ashore)	2	-
14. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CHEMICALS AND COMPOUNDS.	41	1
Dye, Paint Manufacture	-	1
Gunpowder, Guncotton, Explosive Substance Manufacture	7	-
Chemist, Druggist	34	-
15. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TOBACCO AND PIPES.	16	2
Tobacco Manufacture, Tobacconist	15	2
Tobacco Pipe, Snuff Box &c. Maker	1	-
16. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN FOOD AND LODGING.	925	169
Innkeeper, Hotel Keeper, Publican	64	10
Lodging, Boarding House Keeper	34	94
Coffee, Eating House, Keeper	8	5
Hop - Merchant, Dealer	3	-
Maltster	2	-
Brewer	48	1
Beerseller, Ale, Porter, Cider Dealer	29	9
Cellarman	6	-
Wine, Spirit - Merchant, Agent	14	-
Milkseller, Dairyman	59	3
Butcher, Meat Salesman	133	5
Provision Curer, Dealer	2	-
Poulterer, Game Dealer	7	-
Fishmonger	32	3
Corn, Flour, Seed Merchant, Dealer	22	1
Corn Miller	2	-
Baker	128	5
Confectioner, Pastrycook	29	10
Greengrocer, Fruiterer	54	15
Sugar Refiner	1	-
Grocer. Tea, Coffee, Chocolate Maker, Dealer	243	8
Ginger Beer, Mineral Water Manufacturer, Dealer	5	-
17. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TEXTILE FABRICS.	114	102
Woolstapler	4	-
Woollen Cloth Manufacture	-	1
Silk Merchant, Dealer	1	-
Lace Manufacturer, Dealer	-	3
Canvas, Sailcloth Manufacture	1	-
Dyer, Printer, Scourer, Bleacher, Calenderer (undefined)	8	3
Draper, Linen Draper, Mercer	98	83
Fancy Goods (Textile) Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	2	12
18. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN DRESS.	358	725
Hatter, Hat Manufacture	2	-
Straw - Hat, Bonnet, Plait Manufacture	-	4
Tailor	176	17
Milliner, Dressmaker, Staymaker	1	613
Shirt Maker, Seamstress	-	81
Hosier, Haberdasher	5	2
Glover, Glove Maker	2	-
Shoe, Boot - Maker, Dealer	138	6
Patten, Clog Maker	3	-
Wig Maker, Hair Dresser	23	2
Umbrella, Parasol, Stick - Maker, Dealer	8	-
19. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS ANIMAL SUBSTANCES.	30	1
Tallow Chandler, Candle, Grease Manufacture	9	-
Soap Boiler, Maker	1	-
Furrier, Skinner	1	-
Tanner, Fellmonger	16	-
Currier	3	-
Quill, Feather - Dresser, Dealer	-	1
20. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES.	137	13
Oil Miller, Oil Cake - Maker, Dealer	1	-
Oil and Colourman	8	-
Willow, Cane, Rush Worker, Dealer, Basketmaker	7	2
Thatcher	3	-
Timber, Wood - Merchant, Dealer	16	3
Sawyer	44	1
Lath, Wooden Fence, Hurdle Maker	6	-
Wood Turner, Box Maker	9	-
Cooper, Hoop Maker, Bender	20	-
Paper Manufacture	3	-
Stationer, Law Stationer	10	7
Paper Box, Paper Bag Maker	3	-
Others	7	-
21. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS MINERAL SUBSTANCES.	448	7
Miner, in other or undefined Minerals	1	-
Mine Service	1	-
Coal Merchant	26	1
Coalheaver	17	-
Coke, Charcoal, Peat - Cutter, Burner, Dealer	1	-
Gas Works Service	29	-
Stone Quarrier	1	-
Stone Cutter, Dresser, Dealer	2	-
Plaster, Cement Manufacture	1	-
Brick, Tile - Maker, Burner, Dealer	74	-
Paviour	1	-
Road Labourer	10	-
Platelayer	26	-
Railway Labourer, Navvy	27	-
Earthenware, China, Porcelain, Manufacture	11	-
Earthenware, China, Glass Dealer	11	3
Waterworks Service	2	-
Goldsmith, Silversmith, Jeweller	14	3
Others	1	-
[Iron Manufacture]	15	-
Blacksmith	107	-
Whitesmith	13	-
Ironmonger. Hardware Dealer, Merchant	41	-
Tin, Tin Plate, Tin Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	10	-
Lead, Leaden Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	1	-
Brass, Bronze Manufacture. Brazier	3	-
Wire Maker, Worker, Weaver, Drawer	2	-
22. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN GENERAL OR UNSPECIFIED COMMODITIES.	816	91
General Shopkeeper, Dealer	51	38
Pawnbroker	5	-
Costermonger, Huckster, Street Seller	42	27
Manufacturer, Manager, Superintendant (undefined)	1	2
Contractor (undefined)	2	-
General Labourer	639	4
Engine Driver, Stoker, Fireman (not railway, marine or agricultural)	29	-
Artizan, Mechanic (undefined)	34	15
Apprentice (undefined)	4	2
Factory Labourer (undefined)	6	-
Machinist, Machine Worker (undefined)	3	3
23. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN REFUSE MATTERS.	27	-
Chimney Sweep, Soot Merchant	24	-
Rag Gatherer, Dealer	3	-
24. PERSONS WITHOUT SPECIFIED OCCUPATIONS.	361	1,683
Persons returned by Property, Rank &c. and not special occupation	361	1,683
[UNKNOWN OCCUPATION]	147	4,840
[Occupation recorded but of unknown meaning]	5	-
[Blank field, or illegible]	142	4,840

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Notes:

The following notes to the table appeared in the original report.

1	This table is a very special case: The original Table 10 as published by Division in the 1881 census reports was limited to data for Registration Divisions, their component Registration Counties, and just those Urban Sanitary Districts with populations of over 50,000. Data presented here for counties and higher-level units are taken from the published reports, as usual, but we also include in A Vision of Britain through Time data for Registration Districts, sub-Districts and Civil Parishes which never appeared in the original reports. These were specially created for us by the History Data Service at the University of Essex and derive from the complete transcription of the individual-level Enumerators Book data coordinated by the Genealogical Society of Utah.
2	In creating these data, each occupation listed in the enumerators books has been assigned as far as possible to the relevant category used in the published reports, but some additional categories with labels in square brackets unavoidably appear. Unlike the published statistics for higher-level units, these specially-calculated data for districts and parishes include persons under 15 or over 65. For these and other reasons, no attempt has been made to ensure that county totals for the districts or parishes match the published county totals. The remaining notes are those that appeared below the original published table.
3	NOTE.--Persons returned as engaged in more than one occupation have been referred to the one that appeared to be of most importance; or if there was no difference in this respect, to the one first given by the person in his or her return. In some cases special rules have been followed: e.g. "Clergyman and Schoolmaster" in combination has always been referred to "Schoolmaster"; a Member of Parliament or Peer engaged in any branch of commerce or industry has always been referred to this latter, not to "Peer, M.P.".
4	The numbers returned under any heading include Labourers, Apprentices, and Assistants, as well as Masters, but not Clerks, Messengers, Errand boys, Porters, or Watchmen, for which occupations there are special headings. Civil, Military, and Naval Clerks, Law, Bank, Insurance, and Railway Clerks, and Government and Railway Porters, are, however, exceptions to this rule. Many young persons, being Apprentices or Assistants, have therefore been referred to occupations usually followed by adults. Women also, chiefly widows or orphans carrying on the business of their deceased husbands or fathers, will sometimes be found under occupations commonly followed by men only.
5	Persons returned as retired from any business have not been referred to that business. Inmates of workhouses have been referred to their trades, unless their age or infirmities showed that they were past work. But persons who might be supposed to be only temporarily separated from their usual employment, such as Prisoners, and Patients in General Hospitals, have been classed under their usual occupations.
6	In some cases, for convenience of space, the male designation, e.g. "Schoolmaster", alone is given, instead of "Schoolmaster, Schoolmistress".

This website does not try to provide an exact replica of the original printed census tables, which often had thousands of rows and far more columns than will fit on our web pages. Instead, we let you drill down from national totals to the most detailed data available. The column headings are those that appeared in the original printed report. The numbers presented here, which are the same ones we use to create statistical maps and graphs, come from the census table and have usually been carefully checked.

The system can only hold statistics for units listed in our administrative gazetteer, so some rows from the original table may be missing. Sometimes big low-level units, like urban parishes, were divided between more than one higher-level units, like Registration sub-Districts. This is why some pages will give a higher figure for a lower-level unit: it covers the whole of the lower-level unit, not just the part within the current higher-level unit.

Acknowledgments:

We are grateful to the following contributors. If you make use of the data in your own work, please follow any instructions given here on acknowledgment and re-use.

(1) Kevin Schurer (Department of Geography, University of Cambridge). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)

(2) Matthew Woollard (UK Data Service, University of Essex). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)