Vision of Britain | 1881 Census: Ages

1881 Census of England and Wales, Tables: Ages, Condition as to Marriage, Occupations and Birthplaces of people, Table 10 : " Occupations of Males and Females in the Division and its Registration Counties".

Show Runcorn RegD/PLU table	Runcorn SubD

OCCUPATIONS.	Males. [1]	Females. [2]
1. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE GENERAL OR LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF THE COUNTRY.	49	2
Civil Service (officers and clerks)	11	2
Civil Service (messengers, &c.)	7	-
Police	19	-
Municipal, Parish, Union, District, Officer	8	-
Other Local or County Official	4	-
2. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE DEFENCE OF THE COUNTRY.	6	-
Army Officer (effective/retired)	2	-
Militia, Yeomanry, Volunteers	1	-
Army Pensioner	1	-
Seaman, R.N.	1	-
Royal Marines (officers/men)	1	-
3. PERSONS ENGAGED IN PROFESSIONAL OCCUPATIONS (WITH THEIR IMMEDIATE SUBORDINATES).	109	89
Clergymen (Established Church)	5	-
Roman Catholic Priest	1	-
Minister, Priest of other religious bodies	8	-
Missionary, Scripture Reader, Itinerant preacher	4	-
Church, chapel, cemetery - officer, servant	3	-
Barrister, Solicitor	2	-
Law Clerk, and others connected with the law	10	-
Physician, Surgeon, General Practitioner	6	-
Medical Student, Assistant	1	-
Midwife	-	3
Subordinate Medical Service	-	13
Schoolmaster	26	58
Teacher, Professor, Lecturer	-	2
School Service, and others connected with teaching	2	-
Author, Editor, Journalist	2	-
Reporter, Short-hand Writer	2	-
Persons engaged in Scientific Pursuits	12	-
Civil Engineer	3	-
Mining Engineer	4	-
Land, House, Ship, Surveyor	2	-
Painter (artist)	1	-
Musician, Music Master	8	8
Art Student	1	2
Photographer	1	-
Actor	3	3
Billiard, Cricket & other Games, Service	2	-
4. PERSONS ENGAGED IN DOMESTIC OFFICES OR SERVICES.	57	862
Domestic Coachman, Groom	23	-
Domestic Gardener	11	-
Domestic Indoor Servant	16	771
Inn, Hotel Servant	7	10
Office Keeper (not Government)	-	1
Charwoman	-	33
Washing and Bathing Service	-	47
5. PERSONS ENGAGED IN COMMERCIAL OCCUPATIONS.	203	1
Merchant	2	-
Broker, Agent, Factor	18	1
Auctioneer, Appraiser, Valuer, House Agent	4	-
Accountant	3	-
Commercial Traveller	7	-
Commercial Clerk	151	-
Bank Service	8	-
Bill Discounter, Bill Broker, Finance Agent	1	-
Life, House, Ship &c., Insurance Service	9	-
6. PERSONS ENGAGED IN CONVEYANCE OF MEN, GOODS, AND MESSAGES.	1,038	9
Railway Engine Driver, Stoker	1	-
Railway Guard	2	-
Pointsman, Level Crossing Man	10	-
Other Railway Officials and Servants	49	-
Toll Collector, Turnpike Gate Keeper	1	-
Omnibus, Coach, Cab, Owner - Livery Stable Keeper	2	-
Cabman, Flyman, Coachman (not domestic)	16	-
Carman, Carrier, Carter, Haulier	51	-
Inland Navigation Service	15	2
Bargeman, Lighterman, Waterman	462	6
Navigation Service (on shore)	1	-
Seaman (Merchant Service)	119	-
Ship Steward, Cook	1	-
Harbour, Dock, Wharf, Lighthouse Service	263	-
Warehouseman (not Manchester)	8	-
Meter, Weigher	11	-
Messenger, Porter, Watchman (not Railway or Government)	23	-
Telegraph, Telephone Service	3	1
7. PERSONS ENGAGED IN AGRICULTURE.	399	17
Farmer, Grazier	51	3
Farmer's, Grazier's - Son, Grandson, Brother, Nephew	23	-
Farm Bailiff	5	-
Agricultural Labourer, Farm Servant, Cottager	293	14
Shepherd	3	-
Gardener (not domestic)	24	-
8. PERSONS ENGAGED ABOUT ANIMALS.	21	-
Groom, Horse-keeper, Horse-breaker	6	-
Veterinary Surgeon, Farrier	2	-
Gamekeeper	4	-
Fisherman	9	-
9. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN BOOKS, PRINTS, AND MAPS.	12	-
Publisher, Bookseller, Librarian	1	-
Bookbinder	1	-
Printer	9	-
Newspaper Agent, News Room Keeper	1	-
10. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN MACHINES AND IMPLEMENTS.	91	1
Engine, Machine Maker	9	-
Millwright	4	-
Fitter, Turner (Engine and Machine)	43	-
Boiler Maker	28	-
Watch Maker, Clock Maker	6	-
Electrical Apparatus Maker	1	-
Toy Maker, Dealer	-	1
11. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN HOUSES, FURNITURE, AND DECORATIONS.	385	4
Builder	8	-
Carpenter, Joiner	134	1
Bricklayer	82	-
Mason	46	-
Slater, Tiler	5	-
Plasterer, Whitewasher	9	-
Plumber	29	-
Painter, Glazier	55	-
Cabinet Maker	5	2
Furniture Broker, Dealer	1	1
Locksmith, Bellhanger	1	-
Gas Fitter	8	-
Funeral Furniture Maker, Undertaker	1	-
Carver, Gilder	1	-
12. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CARRIAGES AND HARNESS.	32	-
Coachmaker	1	-
Wheelwright	26	-
Saddler, Harness, Whip Maker	5	-
13. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN SHIPS AND BOATS.	209	1
Ship, Boat, Barge Builder	17	1
Shipwright, Ship Carpenter (ashore)	160	-
Mast, Yard, Oar, Block Maker	3	-
Ship Rigger, Chandler, Fitter	5	-
Sail Maker	24	-
14. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CHEMICALS AND COMPOUNDS.	853	9
Chemist, Druggist	16	1
Manufacturing Chemist	812	8
Alkali Manufacture	25	-
15. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TOBACCO AND PIPES.	2	2
Tobacco Manufacture, Tobacconist	2	2
16. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN FOOD AND LODGING.	248	91
Innkeeper, Hotel Keeper, Publican	33	8
Lodging, Boarding House Keeper	-	5
Coffee, Eating House, Keeper	3	1
Brewer	2	-
Beerseller, Ale, Porter, Cider Dealer	17	6
Cellarman	2	-
Wine, Spirit - Merchant, Agent	1	-
Milkseller, Dairyman	4	2
Butcher, Meat Salesman	37	5
Provision Curer, Dealer	5	3
Poulterer, Game Dealer	1	-
Fishmonger	3	5
Corn, Flour, Seed Merchant, Dealer	3	-
Corn Miller	7	-
Baker	28	4
Confectioner, Pastrycook	-	18
Greengrocer, Fruiterer	10	5
Sugar Refiner	1	-
Grocer. Tea, Coffee, Chocolate Maker, Dealer	88	28
Ginger Beer, Mineral Water Manufacturer, Dealer	3	1
17. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TEXTILE FABRICS.	62	13
Cotton, Cotton Goods Manufacture	2	1
Rope, Twine, Cord - Maker, Dealer	30	-
Dyer, Printer, Scourer, Bleacher, Calenderer (undefined)	1	-
Factory Hand (textile, undefined)	-	1
Draper, Linen Draper, Mercer	29	9
Fancy Goods (Textile) Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	-	1
Trimming Maker, Dealer	-	1
18. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN DRESS.	114	219
Hatter, Hat Manufacture	4	-
Straw - Hat, Bonnet, Plait Manufacture	-	1
Tailor	29	5
Milliner, Dressmaker, Staymaker	-	190
Shirt Maker, Seamstress	-	15
Hosiery Manufacture	-	1
Shoe, Boot - Maker, Dealer	58	7
Patten, Clog Maker	16	-
Wig Maker, Hair Dresser	7	-
19. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS ANIMAL SUBSTANCES.	179	2
Soap Boiler, Maker	44	1
Bone, Horn, Ivory, Tortoise-shell - Worker, Dealer	5	-
Tanner, Fellmonger	121	1
Currier	9	-
20. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES.	112	10
Sawyer	31	-
Cooper, Hoop Maker, Bender	75	2
Stationer, Law Stationer	2	8
Paper Box, Paper Bag Maker	3	-
Others	1	-
21. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS MINERAL SUBSTANCES.	423	8
Copper Miner	1	-
Miner, in other or undefined Minerals	1	-
Mine Service	2	-
Coal Merchant	26	2
Coalheaver	1	-
Gas Works Service	10	-
Stone Quarrier	107	1
Stone Cutter, Dresser, Dealer	7	-
Limeburner	1	-
Well Sinker, Borer	2	-
Brick, Tile - Maker, Burner, Dealer	18	1
Paviour	3	-
Road Contractor, Surveyor, Inspector	1	-
Road Labourer	1	-
Platelayer	13	-
Railway Labourer, Navvy	14	-
Earthenware, China, Porcelain, Manufacture	14	-
Glass Manufacture	-	2
Earthenware, China, Glass Dealer	3	1
Salt Maker, Dealer	3	-
Waterworks Service	1	-
Goldsmith, Silversmith, Jeweller	1	-
Others	1	-
[Iron Manufacture]	58	1
Blacksmith	96	-
Whitesmith	4	-
Nail Manufacture	1	-
Ironmonger. Hardware Dealer, Merchant	6	-
Copper, Copper Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	6	-
[Coppersmith]	1	-
Tin, Tin Plate, Tin Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	12	-
Lead, Leaden Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	7	-
Brass, Bronze Manufacture. Brazier	1	-
22. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN GENERAL OR UNSPECIFIED COMMODITIES.	772	34
General Shopkeeper, Dealer	11	18
Pawnbroker	7	1
Costermonger, Huckster, Street Seller	8	6
Manufacturer, Manager, Superintendant (undefined)	9	-
Contractor (undefined)	1	-
General Labourer	617	4
Engine Driver, Stoker, Fireman (not railway, marine or agricultural)	79	2
Artizan, Mechanic (undefined)	31	3
Apprentice (undefined)	1	-
Factory Labourer (undefined)	6	-
Machinist, Machine Worker (undefined)	2	-
23. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN REFUSE MATTERS.	5	-
Town Drainage Service	2	-
Chimney Sweep, Soot Merchant	2	-
Rag Gatherer, Dealer	1	-
24. PERSONS WITHOUT SPECIFIED OCCUPATIONS.	55	544
Persons returned by Property, Rank &c. and not special occupation	55	544
[UNKNOWN OCCUPATION]	49	2,995
[Occupation recorded but of unknown meaning]	11	1
[Blank field, or illegible]	38	2,994

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Notes:

The following notes to the table appeared in the original report.

1	This table is a very special case: The original Table 10 as published by Division in the 1881 census reports was limited to data for Registration Divisions, their component Registration Counties, and just those Urban Sanitary Districts with populations of over 50,000. Data presented here for counties and higher-level units are taken from the published reports, as usual, but we also include in A Vision of Britain through Time data for Registration Districts, sub-Districts and Civil Parishes which never appeared in the original reports. These were specially created for us by the History Data Service at the University of Essex and derive from the complete transcription of the individual-level Enumerators Book data coordinated by the Genealogical Society of Utah.
2	In creating these data, each occupation listed in the enumerators books has been assigned as far as possible to the relevant category used in the published reports, but some additional categories with labels in square brackets unavoidably appear. Unlike the published statistics for higher-level units, these specially-calculated data for districts and parishes include persons under 15 or over 65. For these and other reasons, no attempt has been made to ensure that county totals for the districts or parishes match the published county totals. The remaining notes are those that appeared below the original published table.
3	NOTE.--Persons returned as engaged in more than one occupation have been referred to the one that appeared to be of most importance; or if there was no difference in this respect, to the one first given by the person in his or her return. In some cases special rules have been followed: e.g. "Clergyman and Schoolmaster" in combination has always been referred to "Schoolmaster"; a Member of Parliament or Peer engaged in any branch of commerce or industry has always been referred to this latter, not to "Peer, M.P.".
4	The numbers returned under any heading include Labourers, Apprentices, and Assistants, as well as Masters, but not Clerks, Messengers, Errand boys, Porters, or Watchmen, for which occupations there are special headings. Civil, Military, and Naval Clerks, Law, Bank, Insurance, and Railway Clerks, and Government and Railway Porters, are, however, exceptions to this rule. Many young persons, being Apprentices or Assistants, have therefore been referred to occupations usually followed by adults. Women also, chiefly widows or orphans carrying on the business of their deceased husbands or fathers, will sometimes be found under occupations commonly followed by men only.
5	Persons returned as retired from any business have not been referred to that business. Inmates of workhouses have been referred to their trades, unless their age or infirmities showed that they were past work. But persons who might be supposed to be only temporarily separated from their usual employment, such as Prisoners, and Patients in General Hospitals, have been classed under their usual occupations.
6	In some cases, for convenience of space, the male designation, e.g. "Schoolmaster", alone is given, instead of "Schoolmaster, Schoolmistress".

This website does not try to provide an exact replica of the original printed census tables, which often had thousands of rows and far more columns than will fit on our web pages. Instead, we let you drill down from national totals to the most detailed data available. The column headings are those that appeared in the original printed report. The numbers presented here, which are the same ones we use to create statistical maps and graphs, come from the census table and have usually been carefully checked.

The system can only hold statistics for units listed in our administrative gazetteer, so some rows from the original table may be missing. Sometimes big low-level units, like urban parishes, were divided between more than one higher-level units, like Registration sub-Districts. This is why some pages will give a higher figure for a lower-level unit: it covers the whole of the lower-level unit, not just the part within the current higher-level unit.

Acknowledgments:

We are grateful to the following contributors. If you make use of the data in your own work, please follow any instructions given here on acknowledgment and re-use.

(1) Kevin Schurer (Department of Geography, University of Cambridge). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)

(2) Matthew Woollard (UK Data Service, University of Essex). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)