Vision of Britain | 1881 Census: Ages

1881 Census of England and Wales, Tables: Ages, Condition as to Marriage, Occupations and Birthplaces of people, Table 10 : " Occupations of Males and Females in the Division and its Registration Counties".

Show Hendon RegD/PLU table	Harrow SubD

OCCUPATIONS.	Males. [1]	Females. [2]
1. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE GENERAL OR LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF THE COUNTRY.	92	5
Peer, M.P., Privy Councillor (not otherwise described)	1	-
Civil Service (officers and clerks)	24	3
Civil Service (messengers, &c.)	18	1
Police	37	-
Municipal, Parish, Union, District, Officer	5	-
Other Local or County Official	6	-
East Indian and Colonial Service	1	1
2. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE DEFENCE OF THE COUNTRY.	28	1
Army Officer (effective/retired)	13	-
Soldier and Non-commissioned officer	1	-
Militia, Yeomanry, Volunteers	6	-
Army Pensioner	1	-
Navy Officer (effective/retired)	4	-
Seaman, R.N.	3	-
Navy Pensioner	-	1
3. PERSONS ENGAGED IN PROFESSIONAL OCCUPATIONS (WITH THEIR IMMEDIATE SUBORDINATES).	201	163
Clergymen (Established Church)	13	-
Roman Catholic Priest	1	-
Minister, Priest of other religious bodies	4	-
Missionary, Scripture Reader, Itinerant preacher	1	1
Theological Student	3	-
Church, chapel, cemetery - officer, servant	1	1
Barrister, Solicitor	30	-
Law Student	6	-
Law Clerk, and others connected with the law	12	1
Physician, Surgeon, General Practitioner	8	-
Dentist	1	-
Medical Student, Assistant	10	-
Subordinate Medical Service	-	46
Schoolmaster	60	65
Teacher, Professor, Lecturer	10	41
School Service, and others connected with teaching	2	1
Author, Editor, Journalist	2	-
Reporter, Short-hand Writer	1	-
Persons engaged in Scientific Pursuits	1	-
Literary, Scientific, Institution, Service, &c.	1	-
Civil Engineer	5	-
Land, House, Ship, Surveyor	3	-
Painter (artist)	4	3
Engraver (artist)	1	-
Architect	4	-
Musician, Music Master	9	4
Art Student	1	-
Photographer	3	-
Performer, Showman, Exhibition, Service	2	-
Billiard, Cricket & other Games, Service	2	-
4. PERSONS ENGAGED IN DOMESTIC OFFICES OR SERVICES.	186	1,276
Domestic Coachman, Groom	25	-
Domestic Gardener	39	-
Domestic Indoor Servant	96	1,045
Lodge, Gate, Park Keeper (not Government)	-	1
Inn, Hotel Servant	18	8
College, Club Service	1	-
Cook (not domestic)	2	1
Charwoman	-	25
Washing and Bathing Service	5	191
Hospital and Institution Service	-	5
5. PERSONS ENGAGED IN COMMERCIAL OCCUPATIONS.	157	5
Merchant	8	-
Broker, Agent, Factor	19	-
Auctioneer, Appraiser, Valuer, House Agent	4	-
Accountant	7	-
Commercial Traveller	14	1
Commercial Clerk	77	4
Officer of Commercial Company, Guild, Society &c.	1	-
Bank Service	17	-
Bill Discounter, Bill Broker, Finance Agent	1	-
Life, House, Ship &c., Insurance Service	9	-
6. PERSONS ENGAGED IN CONVEYANCE OF MEN, GOODS, AND MESSAGES.	249	3
Railway Engine Driver, Stoker	4	-
Railway Guard	7	-
Pointsman, Level Crossing Man	1	-
Other Railway Officials and Servants	104	1
Omnibus, Coach, Cab, Owner - Livery Stable Keeper	7	1
Cabman, Flyman, Coachman (not domestic)	54	-
Carman, Carrier, Carter, Haulier	40	-
Seaman (Merchant Service)	1	-
Warehouseman (not Manchester)	3	-
Messenger, Porter, Watchman (not Railway or Government)	25	-
Telegraph, Telephone Service	3	1
7. PERSONS ENGAGED IN AGRICULTURE.	512	7
Farmer, Grazier	42	2
Farmer's, Grazier's - Son, Grandson, Brother, Nephew	9	-
Farm Bailiff	13	-
Agricultural Labourer, Farm Servant, Cottager	254	4
Shepherd	9	-
Others engaged in, or connected with agriculture	1	-
Nurseryman, Seedsman, Florist	11	-
Gardener (not domestic)	173	1
8. PERSONS ENGAGED ABOUT ANIMALS.	43	1
Groom, Horse-keeper, Horse-breaker	23	1
Veterinary Surgeon, Farrier	8	-
Cattle, Sheep, Pig - Dealer, Salesman	7	-
Drover	1	-
Gamekeeper	2	-
Dog, Bird, Animal - Keeper, Dealer	1	-
Vermin Destroyer	1	-
9. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN BOOKS, PRINTS, AND MAPS.	16	2
Publisher, Bookseller, Librarian	5	1
Music-Publisher, Seller, Printer	2	1
Bookbinder	1	-
Printer	5	-
Newspaper Agent, News Room Keeper	3	-
10. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN MACHINES AND IMPLEMENTS.	15	-
Engine, Machine Maker	3	-
Fitter, Turner (Engine and Machine)	3	-
Watch Maker, Clock Maker	8	-
Gunsmith, Gun Manufacturer	1	-
11. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN HOUSES, FURNITURE, AND DECORATIONS.	384	2
Builder	36	-
Carpenter, Joiner	122	-
Bricklayer	110	1
Mason	8	-
Plasterer, Whitewasher	10	-
Plumber	33	1
Painter, Glazier	44	-
Cabinet Maker	10	-
Gas Fitter	7	-
Carver, Gilder	2	-
Dealer in Works of Art	2	-
12. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CARRIAGES AND HARNESS.	32	-
Coachmaker	11	-
Wheelwright	11	-
Saddler, Harness, Whip Maker	10	-
13. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN SHIPS AND BOATS.	1	-
Ship, Boat, Barge Builder	1	-
14. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CHEMICALS AND COMPOUNDS.	9	-
Fusee, Fireworks, Explosive Article Manufacture	1	-
Chemist, Druggist	8	-
15. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TOBACCO AND PIPES.	1	1
Tobacco Manufacture, Tobacconist	1	1
16. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN FOOD AND LODGING.	244	32
Innkeeper, Hotel Keeper, Publican	35	5
Lodging, Boarding House Keeper	-	5
Coffee, Eating House, Keeper	2	1
Brewer	4	-
Beerseller, Ale, Porter, Cider Dealer	6	3
Cellarman	1	-
Wine, Spirit - Merchant, Agent	4	-
Milkseller, Dairyman	14	1
Cheesemonger, Butterman	1	-
Butcher, Meat Salesman	45	2
Provision Curer, Dealer	2	-
Poulterer, Game Dealer	1	-
Fishmonger	9	-
Corn, Flour, Seed Merchant, Dealer	3	-
Corn Miller	1	-
Baker	46	8
Confectioner, Pastrycook	8	1
Greengrocer, Fruiterer	16	2
Mustard, Vinegar, Spice, Pickle Maker, Dealer	1	1
Grocer. Tea, Coffee, Chocolate Maker, Dealer	44	3
Ginger Beer, Mineral Water Manufacturer, Dealer	1	-
17. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TEXTILE FABRICS.	24	14
Cloth, Worsted, Stuff, Flannel, Blanket Dealer	1	-
Silk Merchant, Dealer	1	-
Cotton, Cotton Goods Manufacture	1	-
Lace Manufacturer, Dealer	-	2
Rope, Twine, Cord - Maker, Dealer	1	-
Draper, Linen Draper, Mercer	20	11
Fancy Goods (Textile) Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	-	1
18. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN DRESS.	99	143
Straw - Hat, Bonnet, Plait Manufacture	-	7
Tailor	35	3
Milliner, Dressmaker, Staymaker	-	110
Shirt Maker, Seamstress	-	16
Shoe, Boot - Maker, Dealer	59	6
Wig Maker, Hair Dresser	5	-
Old Clothes Dealer, and others	-	1
19. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS ANIMAL SUBSTANCES.	3	-
Soap Boiler, Maker	1	-
Leather Goods, Portmanteau, Bag, Strap &c., Maker, Dealer	1	-
Hair, Bristle - Worker, Dealer	1	-
20. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES.	20	4
Oil Miller, Oil Cake - Maker, Dealer	1	-
Oil and Colourman	1	-
Willow, Cane, Rush Worker, Dealer, Basketmaker	-	1
Hay, Straw (not plait), Chaff, Cutter, Dealer	2	-
Timber, Wood - Merchant, Dealer	4	-
Sawyer	3	-
Wood Turner, Box Maker	1	-
Cooper, Hoop Maker, Bender	1	-
Others	3	-
Paper Manufacture	1	-
Envelope Maker	-	1
Stationer, Law Stationer	3	2
21. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS MINERAL SUBSTANCES.	148	2
Coal Miner	1	-
Ironstone Miner	1	-
Coal Merchant	11	1
Coalheaver	8	-
Gas Works Service	10	-
Well Sinker, Borer	1	-
Brick, Tile - Maker, Burner, Dealer	13	-
Road Contractor, Surveyor, Inspector	1	-
Road Labourer	2	-
Platelayer	29	-
Railway Labourer, Navvy	23	-
Earthenware, China, Glass Dealer	-	1
Goldsmith, Silversmith, Jeweller	7	-
Others	2	-
Blacksmith	28	-
Whitesmith	4	-
Ironmonger. Hardware Dealer, Merchant	4	-
Tin, Tin Plate, Tin Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	1	-
Lead, Leaden Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	1	-
Lamp, Lantern, Candlestick Maker	1	-
22. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN GENERAL OR UNSPECIFIED COMMODITIES.	382	28
General Shopkeeper, Dealer	11	14
Pawnbroker	1	-
Costermonger, Huckster, Street Seller	4	2
Manufacturer, Manager, Superintendant (undefined)	3	-
General Labourer	344	3
Engine Driver, Stoker, Fireman (not railway, marine or agricultural)	11	-
Artizan, Mechanic (undefined)	7	6
Apprentice (undefined)	-	1
Factory Labourer (undefined)	1	-
Machinist, Machine Worker (undefined)	-	2
23. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN REFUSE MATTERS.	8	-
Chimney Sweep, Soot Merchant	7	-
Rag Gatherer, Dealer	1	-
24. PERSONS WITHOUT SPECIFIED OCCUPATIONS.	485	406
Persons returned by Property, Rank &c. and not special occupation	485	406
[UNKNOWN OCCUPATION]	67	1,754
[Occupation recorded but of unknown meaning]	2	-
[Blank field, or illegible]	65	1,754

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Notes:

The following notes to the table appeared in the original report.

1	This table is a very special case: The original Table 10 as published by Division in the 1881 census reports was limited to data for Registration Divisions, their component Registration Counties, and just those Urban Sanitary Districts with populations of over 50,000. Data presented here for counties and higher-level units are taken from the published reports, as usual, but we also include in A Vision of Britain through Time data for Registration Districts, sub-Districts and Civil Parishes which never appeared in the original reports. These were specially created for us by the History Data Service at the University of Essex and derive from the complete transcription of the individual-level Enumerators Book data coordinated by the Genealogical Society of Utah.
2	In creating these data, each occupation listed in the enumerators books has been assigned as far as possible to the relevant category used in the published reports, but some additional categories with labels in square brackets unavoidably appear. Unlike the published statistics for higher-level units, these specially-calculated data for districts and parishes include persons under 15 or over 65. For these and other reasons, no attempt has been made to ensure that county totals for the districts or parishes match the published county totals. The remaining notes are those that appeared below the original published table.
3	NOTE.--Persons returned as engaged in more than one occupation have been referred to the one that appeared to be of most importance; or if there was no difference in this respect, to the one first given by the person in his or her return. In some cases special rules have been followed: e.g. "Clergyman and Schoolmaster" in combination has always been referred to "Schoolmaster"; a Member of Parliament or Peer engaged in any branch of commerce or industry has always been referred to this latter, not to "Peer, M.P.".
4	The numbers returned under any heading include Labourers, Apprentices, and Assistants, as well as Masters, but not Clerks, Messengers, Errand boys, Porters, or Watchmen, for which occupations there are special headings. Civil, Military, and Naval Clerks, Law, Bank, Insurance, and Railway Clerks, and Government and Railway Porters, are, however, exceptions to this rule. Many young persons, being Apprentices or Assistants, have therefore been referred to occupations usually followed by adults. Women also, chiefly widows or orphans carrying on the business of their deceased husbands or fathers, will sometimes be found under occupations commonly followed by men only.
5	Persons returned as retired from any business have not been referred to that business. Inmates of workhouses have been referred to their trades, unless their age or infirmities showed that they were past work. But persons who might be supposed to be only temporarily separated from their usual employment, such as Prisoners, and Patients in General Hospitals, have been classed under their usual occupations.
6	In some cases, for convenience of space, the male designation, e.g. "Schoolmaster", alone is given, instead of "Schoolmaster, Schoolmistress".

This website does not try to provide an exact replica of the original printed census tables, which often had thousands of rows and far more columns than will fit on our web pages. Instead, we let you drill down from national totals to the most detailed data available. The column headings are those that appeared in the original printed report. The numbers presented here, which are the same ones we use to create statistical maps and graphs, come from the census table and have usually been carefully checked.

The system can only hold statistics for units listed in our administrative gazetteer, so some rows from the original table may be missing. Sometimes big low-level units, like urban parishes, were divided between more than one higher-level units, like Registration sub-Districts. This is why some pages will give a higher figure for a lower-level unit: it covers the whole of the lower-level unit, not just the part within the current higher-level unit.

Acknowledgments:

We are grateful to the following contributors. If you make use of the data in your own work, please follow any instructions given here on acknowledgment and re-use.

(1) Kevin Schurer (Department of Geography, University of Cambridge). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)

(2) Matthew Woollard (UK Data Service, University of Essex). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)