Vision of Britain | 1881 Census: Ages

1881 Census of England and Wales, Tables: Ages, Condition as to Marriage, Occupations and Birthplaces of people, Table 10 : " Occupations of Males and Females in the Division and its Registration Counties".

Show Wolverhampton RegD table	Bilston SubD

OCCUPATIONS.	Males. [1]	Females. [2]
1. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE GENERAL OR LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF THE COUNTRY.	37	1
Civil Service (officers and clerks)	8	-
Civil Service (messengers, &c.)	3	-
Police	20	-
Municipal, Parish, Union, District, Officer	5	1
Other Local or County Official	1	-
2. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE DEFENCE OF THE COUNTRY.	2	-
Soldier and Non-commissioned officer	1	-
Seaman, R.N.	1	-
3. PERSONS ENGAGED IN PROFESSIONAL OCCUPATIONS (WITH THEIR IMMEDIATE SUBORDINATES).	110	89
Clergymen (Established Church)	5	-
Roman Catholic Priest	1	-
Minister, Priest of other religious bodies	6	-
Missionary, Scripture Reader, Itinerant preacher	1	1
Theological Student	2	-
Church, chapel, cemetery - officer, servant	2	1
Barrister, Solicitor	5	-
Law Clerk, and others connected with the law	8	-
Physician, Surgeon, General Practitioner	5	-
Medical Student, Assistant	3	-
Subordinate Medical Service	4	10
Schoolmaster	23	52
Teacher, Professor, Lecturer	1	8
School Service, and others connected with teaching	1	-
Author, Editor, Journalist	1	-
Persons engaged in Scientific Pursuits	2	-
Civil Engineer	4	-
Mining Engineer	12	-
Land, House, Ship, Surveyor	1	1
Painter (artist)	1	1
Architect	2	-
Musician, Music Master	13	11
Photographer	2	-
Actor	3	3
Art, Music, Theatre Service	1	1
Billiard, Cricket & other Games, Service	1	-
4. PERSONS ENGAGED IN DOMESTIC OFFICES OR SERVICES.	25	885
Domestic Coachman, Groom	9	-
Domestic Indoor Servant	9	751
Inn, Hotel Servant	7	20
Office Keeper (not Government)	-	2
Cook (not domestic)	-	1
Charwoman	-	55
Washing and Bathing Service	-	56
5. PERSONS ENGAGED IN COMMERCIAL OCCUPATIONS.	156	3
Broker, Agent, Factor	20	2
Auctioneer, Appraiser, Valuer, House Agent	7	-
Commercial Traveller	13	-
Commercial Clerk	96	1
Banker	1	-
Bank Service	7	-
Life, House, Ship &c., Insurance Service	12	-
6. PERSONS ENGAGED IN CONVEYANCE OF MEN, GOODS, AND MESSAGES.	307	15
Railway Engine Driver, Stoker	2	-
Railway Guard	1	-
Pointsman, Level Crossing Man	4	-
Other Railway Officials and Servants	42	1
Omnibus, Coach, Cab, Owner - Livery Stable Keeper	1	-
Cabman, Flyman, Coachman (not domestic)	4	-
Carman, Carrier, Carter, Haulier	104	3
Tramway Companies' Service	4	-
Inland Navigation Service	6	1
Bargeman, Lighterman, Waterman	76	2
Seaman (Merchant Service)	5	-
Harbour, Dock, Wharf, Lighthouse Service	12	1
Warehouseman (not Manchester)	5	6
Messenger, Porter, Watchman (not Railway or Government)	41	-
Telegraph, Telephone Service	-	1
7. PERSONS ENGAGED IN AGRICULTURE.	31	3
Farmer, Grazier	4	-
Farmer's, Grazier's - Son, Grandson, Brother, Nephew	1	-
Agricultural Labourer, Farm Servant, Cottager	19	3
Land Drainage Service (not in towns)	2	-
Woodman	1	-
Gardener (not domestic)	4	-
8. PERSONS ENGAGED ABOUT ANIMALS.	25	1
Horse Proprietor, Breeder, Dealer	7	-
Groom, Horse-keeper, Horse-breaker	12	-
Veterinary Surgeon, Farrier	2	-
Cattle, Sheep, Pig - Dealer, Salesman	2	-
Drover	2	-
Fisherman	-	1
9. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN BOOKS, PRINTS, AND MAPS.	20	-
Publisher, Bookseller, Librarian	2	-
Music-Publisher, Seller, Printer	1	-
Bookbinder	1	-
Printer	15	-
Newspaper Agent, News Room Keeper	1	-
10. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN MACHINES AND IMPLEMENTS.	372	5
Engine, Machine Maker	28	-
Millwright	8	-
Fitter, Turner (Engine and Machine)	92	-
Boiler Maker	80	-
Agricultural Machine and Implement Maker	2	-
Tool Maker, Dealer	10	-
Cutler, Scissors Maker	1	-
File Maker	7	1
Domestic Implement Maker	135	4
Watch Maker, Clock Maker	6	-
Gunsmith, Gun Manufacturer	2	-
Die, Seal, Coin, Medal Maker	1	-
11. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN HOUSES, FURNITURE, AND DECORATIONS.	353	13
Builder	8	-
Carpenter, Joiner	54	-
Bricklayer	136	-
Mason	17	-
Slater, Tiler	11	-
Plasterer, Whitewasher	4	-
Paperhanger	3	-
Plumber	14	-
Painter, Glazier	42	2
Cabinet Maker	17	4
French Polisher	3	3
Furniture Broker, Dealer	3	3
Locksmith, Bellhanger	22	1
Gas Fitter	13	-
House and Shop Fittings - Maker, Dealer	4	-
Funeral Furniture Maker, Undertaker	1	-
Artificial Flower Maker	1	-
12. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CARRIAGES AND HARNESS.	23	-
Coachmaker	1	-
Railway Carriage, Railway Wagon, Maker	3	-
Wheelwright	8	-
Bicycle, Tricycle - Maker, Dealer	3	-
Saddler, Harness, Whip Maker	8	-
13. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN SHIPS AND BOATS.	20	-
Ship, Boat, Barge Builder	20	-
14. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CHEMICALS AND COMPOUNDS.	17	4
Dye, Paint Manufacture	-	1
Fusee, Fireworks, Explosive Article Manufacture	1	-
Chemist, Druggist	13	-
Manufacturing Chemist	1	3
Alkali Manufacture	2	-
15. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TOBACCO AND PIPES.	1	2
Tobacco Manufacture, Tobacconist	1	2
16. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN FOOD AND LODGING.	364	70
Innkeeper, Hotel Keeper, Publican	74	12
Lodging, Boarding House Keeper	2	3
Coffee, Eating House, Keeper	3	1
Maltster	7	-
Brewer	18	-
Beerseller, Ale, Porter, Cider Dealer	12	6
Wine, Spirit - Merchant, Agent	2	3
Milkseller, Dairyman	5	4
Cheesemonger, Butterman	1	-
Butcher, Meat Salesman	67	1
Provision Curer, Dealer	5	2
Poulterer, Game Dealer	8	1
Fishmonger	3	1
Corn, Flour, Seed Merchant, Dealer	2	-
Corn Miller	6	-
Baker	38	3
Confectioner, Pastrycook	4	3
Greengrocer, Fruiterer	22	9
Sugar Refiner	1	1
Grocer. Tea, Coffee, Chocolate Maker, Dealer	83	20
Ginger Beer, Mineral Water Manufacturer, Dealer	1	-
17. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TEXTILE FABRICS.	34	5
Woollen Cloth Manufacture	-	1
Cotton, Cotton Goods Manufacture	1	1
Rope, Twine, Cord - Maker, Dealer	6	-
Draper, Linen Draper, Mercer	25	2
Fancy Goods (Textile) Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	1	1
Trimming Maker, Dealer	1	-
18. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN DRESS.	128	243
Hatter, Hat Manufacture	3	1
Tailor	26	24
Milliner, Dressmaker, Staymaker	2	179
Shirt Maker, Seamstress	-	22
Hosier, Haberdasher	4	6
Shoe, Boot - Maker, Dealer	72	9
Patten, Clog Maker	6	-
Wig Maker, Hair Dresser	13	-
Umbrella, Parasol, Stick - Maker, Dealer	2	2
19. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS ANIMAL SUBSTANCES.	2	2
Tallow Chandler, Candle, Grease Manufacture	1	-
Tanner, Fellmonger	-	1
Currier	1	1
20. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES.	89	245
Japanner	49	242
Waterproof Goods - Maker, Dealer	1	-
Others	2	1
Willow, Cane, Rush Worker, Dealer, Basketmaker	8	-
Hay, Straw (not plait), Chaff, Cutter, Dealer	-	1
Timber, Wood - Merchant, Dealer	3	-
Sawyer	13	-
Lath, Wooden Fence, Hurdle Maker	2	-
Wood Turner, Box Maker	6	-
Cooper, Hoop Maker, Bender	4	-
Paper Box, Paper Bag Maker	-	1
Others	1	-
21. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS MINERAL SUBSTANCES.	3,540	266
Coal Miner	756	35
Ironstone Miner	37	10
Miner, in other or undefined Minerals	1	4
Mine Service	13	-
Coal Merchant	18	2
Coalheaver	4	2
Coke, Charcoal, Peat - Cutter, Burner, Dealer	4	3
Gas Works Service	14	-
Stone Quarrier	19	-
Stone Cutter, Dresser, Dealer	3	-
Slate Worker, Dealer	-	1
Limeburner	1	-
Well Sinker, Borer	3	-
Plaster, Cement Manufacture	3	-
Brick, Tile - Maker, Burner, Dealer	17	14
Paviour	2	-
Road Labourer	7	-
Railway Contractor	6	-
Platelayer	19	-
Railway Labourer, Navvy	9	-
Earthenware, China, Porcelain, Manufacture	40	28
Earthenware, China, Glass Dealer	-	1
Waterworks Service	1	-
[Iron Manufacture]	2,169	90
[Steel Manufacture]	7	-
Blacksmith	126	-
Whitesmith	3	-
Nail Manufacture	4	6
Anchor, Chain Manufacture	5	-
Ironmonger. Hardware Dealer, Merchant	12	2
Other Iron and Steel Manufacture	14	1
Tin, Tin Plate, Tin Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	130	42
Zinc, Zinc Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	8	-
Metal Refiner, Worker, Turner, Dealer	5	1
Brass, Bronze Manufacture. Brazier	51	3
White Metal, Plated Ware, Manufacture. Pewterer	1	-
Wire Maker, Worker, Weaver, Drawer	6	-
Bolt, Nut, Rivet, Screw, Staple Maker	17	19
Lamp, Lantern, Candlestick Maker	-	2
Others	5	-
22. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN GENERAL OR UNSPECIFIED COMMODITIES.	555	79
General Shopkeeper, Dealer	11	21
Pawnbroker	12	14
Costermonger, Huckster, Street Seller	9	8
Manufacturer, Manager, Superintendant (undefined)	3	1
Contractor (undefined)	4	-
General Labourer	262	5
Engine Driver, Stoker, Fireman (not railway, marine or agricultural)	162	1
Artizan, Mechanic (undefined)	44	15
Factory Labourer (undefined)	48	13
Machinist, Machine Worker (undefined)	-	1
23. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN REFUSE MATTERS.	3	-
Town Drainage Service	1	-
Chimney Sweep, Soot Merchant	1	-
Rag Gatherer, Dealer	1	-
24. PERSONS WITHOUT SPECIFIED OCCUPATIONS.	53	1,028
Persons returned by Property, Rank &c. and not special occupation	53	1,028
[UNKNOWN OCCUPATION]	67	3,143
[Occupation recorded but of unknown meaning]	5	19
[Blank field, or illegible]	62	3,124

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Notes:

The following notes to the table appeared in the original report.

1	This table is a very special case: The original Table 10 as published by Division in the 1881 census reports was limited to data for Registration Divisions, their component Registration Counties, and just those Urban Sanitary Districts with populations of over 50,000. Data presented here for counties and higher-level units are taken from the published reports, as usual, but we also include in A Vision of Britain through Time data for Registration Districts, sub-Districts and Civil Parishes which never appeared in the original reports. These were specially created for us by the History Data Service at the University of Essex and derive from the complete transcription of the individual-level Enumerators Book data coordinated by the Genealogical Society of Utah.
2	In creating these data, each occupation listed in the enumerators books has been assigned as far as possible to the relevant category used in the published reports, but some additional categories with labels in square brackets unavoidably appear. Unlike the published statistics for higher-level units, these specially-calculated data for districts and parishes include persons under 15 or over 65. For these and other reasons, no attempt has been made to ensure that county totals for the districts or parishes match the published county totals. The remaining notes are those that appeared below the original published table.
3	NOTE.--Persons returned as engaged in more than one occupation have been referred to the one that appeared to be of most importance; or if there was no difference in this respect, to the one first given by the person in his or her return. In some cases special rules have been followed: e.g. "Clergyman and Schoolmaster" in combination has always been referred to "Schoolmaster"; a Member of Parliament or Peer engaged in any branch of commerce or industry has always been referred to this latter, not to "Peer, M.P.".
4	The numbers returned under any heading include Labourers, Apprentices, and Assistants, as well as Masters, but not Clerks, Messengers, Errand boys, Porters, or Watchmen, for which occupations there are special headings. Civil, Military, and Naval Clerks, Law, Bank, Insurance, and Railway Clerks, and Government and Railway Porters, are, however, exceptions to this rule. Many young persons, being Apprentices or Assistants, have therefore been referred to occupations usually followed by adults. Women also, chiefly widows or orphans carrying on the business of their deceased husbands or fathers, will sometimes be found under occupations commonly followed by men only.
5	Persons returned as retired from any business have not been referred to that business. Inmates of workhouses have been referred to their trades, unless their age or infirmities showed that they were past work. But persons who might be supposed to be only temporarily separated from their usual employment, such as Prisoners, and Patients in General Hospitals, have been classed under their usual occupations.
6	In some cases, for convenience of space, the male designation, e.g. "Schoolmaster", alone is given, instead of "Schoolmaster, Schoolmistress".

This website does not try to provide an exact replica of the original printed census tables, which often had thousands of rows and far more columns than will fit on our web pages. Instead, we let you drill down from national totals to the most detailed data available. The column headings are those that appeared in the original printed report. The numbers presented here, which are the same ones we use to create statistical maps and graphs, come from the census table and have usually been carefully checked.

The system can only hold statistics for units listed in our administrative gazetteer, so some rows from the original table may be missing. Sometimes big low-level units, like urban parishes, were divided between more than one higher-level units, like Registration sub-Districts. This is why some pages will give a higher figure for a lower-level unit: it covers the whole of the lower-level unit, not just the part within the current higher-level unit.

Acknowledgments:

We are grateful to the following contributors. If you make use of the data in your own work, please follow any instructions given here on acknowledgment and re-use.

(1) Kevin Schurer (Department of Geography, University of Cambridge). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)

(2) Matthew Woollard (UK Data Service, University of Essex). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)