Vision of Britain | 1881 Census: Ages

1881 Census of England and Wales, Tables: Ages, Condition as to Marriage, Occupations and Birthplaces of people, Table 10 : " Occupations of Males and Females in the Division and its Registration Counties".

Show Northamptonshire RegC table	Wellingborough RegD/PLU

OCCUPATIONS.	Males. [1]	Females. [2]
1. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE GENERAL OR LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF THE COUNTRY.	70	14
Civil Service (officers and clerks)	15	5
Civil Service (messengers, &c.)	16	5
Police	22	-
Municipal, Parish, Union, District, Officer	12	4
Other Local or County Official	5	-
2. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE DEFENCE OF THE COUNTRY.	15	1
Army Officer (effective/retired)	3	-
Soldier and Non-commissioned officer	4	1
Militia, Yeomanry, Volunteers	2	-
Army Pensioner	5	-
Navy Pensioner	1	-
3. PERSONS ENGAGED IN PROFESSIONAL OCCUPATIONS (WITH THEIR IMMEDIATE SUBORDINATES).	183	240
Clergymen (Established Church)	21	-
Minister, Priest of other religious bodies	8	-
Missionary, Scripture Reader, Itinerant preacher	5	-
Theological Student	2	-
Church, chapel, cemetery - officer, servant	4	-
Barrister, Solicitor	15	-
Law Student	1	-
Law Clerk, and others connected with the law	22	-
Physician, Surgeon, General Practitioner	13	-
Dentist	2	-
Medical Student, Assistant	3	-
Midwife	-	5
Subordinate Medical Service	3	49
Schoolmaster	51	151
Teacher, Professor, Lecturer	-	22
School Service, and others connected with teaching	-	2
Author, Editor, Journalist	2	-
Persons engaged in Scientific Pursuits	3	-
Civil Engineer	4	-
Land, House, Ship, Surveyor	1	-
Painter (artist)	1	-
Architect	5	-
Musician, Music Master	8	10
Photographer	5	1
Performer, Showman, Exhibition, Service	1	-
Billiard, Cricket & other Games, Service	3	-
4. PERSONS ENGAGED IN DOMESTIC OFFICES OR SERVICES.	199	1,422
Domestic Coachman, Groom	53	-
Domestic Gardener	96	-
Domestic Indoor Servant	30	1,162
Inn, Hotel Servant	16	26
Office Keeper (not Government)	1	-
Charwoman	-	62
Washing and Bathing Service	1	172
Hospital and Institution Service	1	-
Others engaged in Service	1	-
5. PERSONS ENGAGED IN COMMERCIAL OCCUPATIONS.	133	4
Merchant	3	-
Broker, Agent, Factor	6	-
Auctioneer, Appraiser, Valuer, House Agent	8	-
Accountant	2	-
Salesman, Buyer (not otherwise specified)	-	1
Commercial Traveller	18	-
Commercial Clerk	81	2
Bank Service	10	-
Life, House, Ship &c., Insurance Service	5	1
6. PERSONS ENGAGED IN CONVEYANCE OF MEN, GOODS, AND MESSAGES.	570	11
Railway Engine Driver, Stoker	191	1
Railway Guard	69	1
Pointsman, Level Crossing Man	10	-
Other Railway Officials and Servants	190	1
Omnibus, Coach, Cab, Owner - Livery Stable Keeper	2	-
Cabman, Flyman, Coachman (not domestic)	6	-
Carman, Carrier, Carter, Haulier	67	4
Seaman (Merchant Service)	1	-
Harbour, Dock, Wharf, Lighthouse Service	1	-
Warehouseman (not Manchester)	10	-
Messenger, Porter, Watchman (not Railway or Government)	22	1
Telegraph, Telephone Service	1	3
7. PERSONS ENGAGED IN AGRICULTURE.	1,629	28
Farmer, Grazier	144	13
Farmer's, Grazier's - Son, Grandson, Brother, Nephew	47	-
Farm Bailiff	22	-
Agricultural Labourer, Farm Servant, Cottager	1,306	13
Shepherd	69	-
Agricultural Machine - Proprietor, Attendant	11	-
Agricultural Student	3	-
Others engaged in, or connected with agriculture	1	-
Woodman	3	-
Nurseryman, Seedsman, Florist	9	1
Gardener (not domestic)	14	1
8. PERSONS ENGAGED ABOUT ANIMALS.	103	2
Horse Proprietor, Breeder, Dealer	1	-
Groom, Horse-keeper, Horse-breaker	80	1
Veterinary Surgeon, Farrier	4	-
Cattle, Sheep, Pig - Dealer, Salesman	4	-
Gamekeeper	12	1
Vermin Destroyer	1	-
Knacker, Catsmeat Dealer &c &c.	1	-
9. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN BOOKS, PRINTS, AND MAPS.	27	3
Publisher, Bookseller, Librarian	2	1
Music-Publisher, Seller, Printer	1	-
Printer	20	-
Newspaper Agent, News Room Keeper	4	2
10. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN MACHINES AND IMPLEMENTS.	118	17
Engine, Machine Maker	15	-
Fitter, Turner (Engine and Machine)	39	15
Boiler Maker	52	-
Agricultural Machine and Implement Maker	3	-
Watch Maker, Clock Maker	7	-
Philosophical Instrument Maker	1	-
Electrical Apparatus Maker	1	-
Toy Maker, Dealer	-	2
11. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN HOUSES, FURNITURE, AND DECORATIONS.	677	3
Builder	51	-
Carpenter, Joiner	220	-
Bricklayer	193	-
Mason	90	-
Plasterer, Whitewasher	8	-
Plumber	33	1
Painter, Glazier	53	-
Cabinet Maker	20	2
French Polisher	1	-
Furniture Broker, Dealer	3	-
Gas Fitter	2	-
House and Shop Fittings - Maker, Dealer	1	-
Carver, Gilder	1	-
Dealer in Works of Art	1	-
12. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CARRIAGES AND HARNESS.	83	-
Coachmaker	20	-
Railway Carriage, Railway Wagon, Maker	14	-
Wheelwright	26	-
Bicycle, Tricycle - Maker, Dealer	2	-
Others	6	-
Saddler, Harness, Whip Maker	15	-
13. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN SHIPS AND BOATS.	1	-
Ship, Boat, Barge Builder	1	-
14. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CHEMICALS AND COMPOUNDS.	21	-
Chemist, Druggist	21	-
15. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TOBACCO AND PIPES.	-	1
Tobacco Pipe, Snuff Box &c. Maker	-	1
16. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN FOOD AND LODGING.	541	61
Innkeeper, Hotel Keeper, Publican	73	9
Lodging, Boarding House Keeper	-	6
Coffee, Eating House, Keeper	1	-
Maltster	9	-
Brewer	29	-
Beerseller, Ale, Porter, Cider Dealer	15	1
Cellarman	2	-
Wine, Spirit - Merchant, Agent	2	-
Milkseller, Dairyman	12	-
Butcher, Meat Salesman	103	2
Provision Curer, Dealer	4	-
Poulterer, Game Dealer	1	-
Fishmonger	9	2
Corn, Flour, Seed Merchant, Dealer	20	-
Corn Miller	34	1
Baker	107	11
Confectioner, Pastrycook	8	6
Greengrocer, Fruiterer	14	-
Grocer. Tea, Coffee, Chocolate Maker, Dealer	93	23
Ginger Beer, Mineral Water Manufacturer, Dealer	5	-
17. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TEXTILE FABRICS.	73	452
Woollen Cloth Manufacture	2	-
Cloth, Worsted, Stuff, Flannel, Blanket Dealer	-	4
Silk, Silk Goods, Manufacture	-	1
Lace Manufacturer, Dealer	4	412
Hemp, Jute, Cocoa Fibre Manufacture	1	-
Rope, Twine, Cord - Maker, Dealer	2	-
Mat Maker, Seller	11	-
Dyer, Printer, Scourer, Bleacher, Calenderer (undefined)	-	1
Draper, Linen Draper, Mercer	53	32
Fancy Goods (Textile) Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	-	2
18. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN DRESS.	3,367	2,405
Hatter, Hat Manufacture	3	-
Straw - Hat, Bonnet, Plait Manufacture	-	4
Tailor	75	11
Milliner, Dressmaker, Staymaker	1	340
Shirt Maker, Seamstress	-	42
Hosier, Haberdasher	2	-
Shoe, Boot - Maker, Dealer	3,272	2,007
Wig Maker, Hair Dresser	14	1
19. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS ANIMAL SUBSTANCES.	227	2
Tallow Chandler, Candle, Grease Manufacture	1	-
Furrier, Skinner	2	-
Tanner, Fellmonger	9	-
Currier	211	1
Parchment, Vellum - Maker, Dealer	2	-
Brush, Broom, Maker	2	1
20. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES.	46	12
Oil Miller, Oil Cake - Maker, Dealer	1	-
Willow, Cane, Rush Worker, Dealer, Basketmaker	6	3
Hay, Straw (not plait), Chaff, Cutter, Dealer	2	-
Thatcher	7	-
Timber, Wood - Merchant, Dealer	2	1
Sawyer	16	-
Lath, Wooden Fence, Hurdle Maker	2	-
Wood Turner, Box Maker	2	-
Cooper, Hoop Maker, Bender	5	-
Paper Manufacture	2	5
Stationer, Law Stationer	-	3
Others	1	-
21. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS MINERAL SUBSTANCES.	1,141	12
Coal Miner	2	-
Ironstone Miner	403	2
Miner, in other or undefined Minerals	-	1
Coal Merchant	16	2
Coalheaver	13	-
Gas Works Service	11	-
Stone Cutter, Dresser, Dealer	4	-
Clay, Sand, Gravel, Chalk, Labourer, Dealer	1	-
Brick, Tile - Maker, Burner, Dealer	93	1
Road Contractor, Surveyor, Inspector	1	-
Road Labourer	14	-
Railway Contractor	3	-
Platelayer	48	1
Railway Labourer, Navvy	230	1
Earthenware, China, Porcelain, Manufacture	-	1
Glass Manufacture	3	-
Earthenware, China, Glass Dealer	1	-
Goldsmith, Silversmith, Jeweller	3	-
[Iron Manufacture]	154	-
Blacksmith	98	2
Anchor, Chain Manufacture	-	1
Ironmonger. Hardware Dealer, Merchant	19	-
Other Iron and Steel Manufacture	2	-
[Coppersmith]	3	-
Tin, Tin Plate, Tin Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	10	-
Brass, Bronze Manufacture. Brazier	6	-
Wire Maker, Worker, Weaver, Drawer	1	-
Others	2	-
22. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN GENERAL OR UNSPECIFIED COMMODITIES.	720	81
General Shopkeeper, Dealer	33	22
Pawnbroker	2	1
Costermonger, Huckster, Street Seller	30	5
Manufacturer, Manager, Superintendant (undefined)	10	1
Contractor (undefined)	2	-
General Labourer	497	2
Engine Driver, Stoker, Fireman (not railway, marine or agricultural)	60	-
Artizan, Mechanic (undefined)	24	6
Apprentice (undefined)	4	1
Factory Labourer (undefined)	54	-
Machinist, Machine Worker (undefined)	4	43
23. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN REFUSE MATTERS.	13	-
Chimney Sweep, Soot Merchant	10	-
Rag Gatherer, Dealer	3	-
24. PERSONS WITHOUT SPECIFIED OCCUPATIONS.	110	957
Persons returned by Property, Rank &c. and not special occupation	110	957
[UNKNOWN OCCUPATION]	82	4,382
[Occupation recorded but of unknown meaning]	6	13
[Blank field, or illegible]	76	4,369

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Notes:

The following notes to the table appeared in the original report.

1	This table is a very special case: The original Table 10 as published by Division in the 1881 census reports was limited to data for Registration Divisions, their component Registration Counties, and just those Urban Sanitary Districts with populations of over 50,000. Data presented here for counties and higher-level units are taken from the published reports, as usual, but we also include in A Vision of Britain through Time data for Registration Districts, sub-Districts and Civil Parishes which never appeared in the original reports. These were specially created for us by the History Data Service at the University of Essex and derive from the complete transcription of the individual-level Enumerators Book data coordinated by the Genealogical Society of Utah.
2	In creating these data, each occupation listed in the enumerators books has been assigned as far as possible to the relevant category used in the published reports, but some additional categories with labels in square brackets unavoidably appear. Unlike the published statistics for higher-level units, these specially-calculated data for districts and parishes include persons under 15 or over 65. For these and other reasons, no attempt has been made to ensure that county totals for the districts or parishes match the published county totals. The remaining notes are those that appeared below the original published table.
3	NOTE.--Persons returned as engaged in more than one occupation have been referred to the one that appeared to be of most importance; or if there was no difference in this respect, to the one first given by the person in his or her return. In some cases special rules have been followed: e.g. "Clergyman and Schoolmaster" in combination has always been referred to "Schoolmaster"; a Member of Parliament or Peer engaged in any branch of commerce or industry has always been referred to this latter, not to "Peer, M.P.".
4	The numbers returned under any heading include Labourers, Apprentices, and Assistants, as well as Masters, but not Clerks, Messengers, Errand boys, Porters, or Watchmen, for which occupations there are special headings. Civil, Military, and Naval Clerks, Law, Bank, Insurance, and Railway Clerks, and Government and Railway Porters, are, however, exceptions to this rule. Many young persons, being Apprentices or Assistants, have therefore been referred to occupations usually followed by adults. Women also, chiefly widows or orphans carrying on the business of their deceased husbands or fathers, will sometimes be found under occupations commonly followed by men only.
5	Persons returned as retired from any business have not been referred to that business. Inmates of workhouses have been referred to their trades, unless their age or infirmities showed that they were past work. But persons who might be supposed to be only temporarily separated from their usual employment, such as Prisoners, and Patients in General Hospitals, have been classed under their usual occupations.
6	In some cases, for convenience of space, the male designation, e.g. "Schoolmaster", alone is given, instead of "Schoolmaster, Schoolmistress".

This website does not try to provide an exact replica of the original printed census tables, which often had thousands of rows and far more columns than will fit on our web pages. Instead, we let you drill down from national totals to the most detailed data available. The column headings are those that appeared in the original printed report. The numbers presented here, which are the same ones we use to create statistical maps and graphs, come from the census table and have usually been carefully checked.

The system can only hold statistics for units listed in our administrative gazetteer, so some rows from the original table may be missing. Sometimes big low-level units, like urban parishes, were divided between more than one higher-level units, like Registration sub-Districts. This is why some pages will give a higher figure for a lower-level unit: it covers the whole of the lower-level unit, not just the part within the current higher-level unit.

Acknowledgments:

We are grateful to the following contributors. If you make use of the data in your own work, please follow any instructions given here on acknowledgment and re-use.

(1) Kevin Schurer (Department of Geography, University of Cambridge). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)

(2) Matthew Woollard (UK Data Service, University of Essex). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)