Vision of Britain | 1881 Census: Ages

1881 Census of England and Wales, Tables: Ages, Condition as to Marriage, Occupations and Birthplaces of people, Table 10 : " Occupations of Males and Females in the Division and its Registration Counties".

Show Kent RegC table	Elham RegD/PLU

OCCUPATIONS.	Males. [1]	Females. [2]
1. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE GENERAL OR LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF THE COUNTRY.	142	11
Peer, M.P., Privy Councillor (not otherwise described)	2	1
Civil Service (officers and clerks)	38	5
Civil Service (messengers, &c.)	23	2
Prison Service, &c.	1	-
Police	46	2
Municipal, Parish, Union, District, Officer	12	1
Other Local or County Official	18	-
East Indian and Colonial Service	2	-
2. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE DEFENCE OF THE COUNTRY.	1,504	6
Army Officer (effective/retired)	156	-
Soldier and Non-commissioned officer	1,210	5
Militia, Yeomanry, Volunteers	20	-
Army Pensioner	24	-
Navy Officer (effective/retired)	9	-
Seaman, R.N.	53	1
Royal Marines (officers/men)	13	-
Navy Pensioner	19	-
3. PERSONS ENGAGED IN PROFESSIONAL OCCUPATIONS (WITH THEIR IMMEDIATE SUBORDINATES).	294	370
Clergymen (Established Church)	33	-
Roman Catholic Priest	4	-
Minister, Priest of other religious bodies	10	-
Missionary, Scripture Reader, Itinerant preacher	4	2
Nun, Sister of Charity	-	32
Theological Student	2	-
Church, chapel, cemetery - officer, servant	2	-
Barrister, Solicitor	20	-
Law Clerk, and others connected with the law	22	-
Physician, Surgeon, General Practitioner	21	-
Dentist	6	-
Medical Student, Assistant	3	-
Midwife	-	2
Subordinate Medical Service	-	84
Schoolmaster	64	118
Teacher, Professor, Lecturer	13	102
School Service, and others connected with teaching	1	4
Author, Editor, Journalist	2	-
Persons engaged in Scientific Pursuits	1	-
Literary, Scientific, Institution, Service, &c.	1	-
Civil Engineer	10	-
Mining Engineer	1	-
Land, House, Ship, Surveyor	2	-
Painter (artist)	2	2
Architect	11	-
Musician, Music Master	28	17
Art Student	1	-
Photographer	18	3
Actor	2	2
Art, Music, Theatre Service	1	-
Performer, Showman, Exhibition, Service	1	-
Billiard, Cricket & other Games, Service	8	2
4. PERSONS ENGAGED IN DOMESTIC OFFICES OR SERVICES.	408	2,931
Domestic Coachman, Groom	93	-
Domestic Gardener	41	-
Domestic Indoor Servant	177	2,457
Inn, Hotel Servant	73	31
Cook (not domestic)	6	-
Charwoman	1	113
Washing and Bathing Service	13	325
Hospital and Institution Service	2	5
Others engaged in Service	2	-
5. PERSONS ENGAGED IN COMMERCIAL OCCUPATIONS.	148	15
Merchant	11	-
Broker, Agent, Factor	12	1
Auctioneer, Appraiser, Valuer, House Agent	15	-
Accountant	7	-
Salesman, Buyer (not otherwise specified)	-	1
Commercial Traveller	7	-
Commercial Clerk	63	13
Officer of Commercial Company, Guild, Society &c.	2	-
Banker	5	-
Bank Service	13	-
Bill Discounter, Bill Broker, Finance Agent	1	-
Life, House, Ship &c., Insurance Service	12	-
6. PERSONS ENGAGED IN CONVEYANCE OF MEN, GOODS, AND MESSAGES.	900	16
Railway Engine Driver, Stoker	13	-
Railway Guard	3	-
Pointsman, Level Crossing Man	3	-
Other Railway Officials and Servants	102	8
Toll Collector, Turnpike Gate Keeper	-	1
Omnibus, Coach, Cab, Owner - Livery Stable Keeper	18	-
Cabman, Flyman, Coachman (not domestic)	89	-
Carman, Carrier, Carter, Haulier	138	-
Wheel Chair Proprietor, Attendant &c.	12	-
Bargeman, Lighterman, Waterman	9	-
Navigation Service (on shore)	2	-
Seaman (Merchant Service)	370	1
Pilot	11	-
Ship Steward, Cook	14	3
Boatman on Seas	2	-
Harbour, Dock, Wharf, Lighthouse Service	19	-
Warehouseman (not Manchester)	3	1
Messenger, Porter, Watchman (not Railway or Government)	87	1
Telegraph, Telephone Service	5	1
7. PERSONS ENGAGED IN AGRICULTURE.	1,479	24
Farmer, Grazier	171	9
Farmer's, Grazier's - Son, Grandson, Brother, Nephew	51	-
Farm Bailiff	32	-
Agricultural Labourer, Farm Servant, Cottager	1,028	15
Shepherd	32	-
Land Drainage Service (not in towns)	1	-
Agricultural Machine - Proprietor, Attendant	8	-
Woodman	9	-
Nurseryman, Seedsman, Florist	5	-
Gardener (not domestic)	142	-
8. PERSONS ENGAGED ABOUT ANIMALS.	218	3
Groom, Horse-keeper, Horse-breaker	56	-
Veterinary Surgeon, Farrier	11	-
Cattle, Sheep, Pig - Dealer, Salesman	5	-
Drover	2	-
Gamekeeper	11	-
Fisherman	133	3
9. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN BOOKS, PRINTS, AND MAPS.	56	7
Publisher, Bookseller, Librarian	17	7
Music-Publisher, Seller, Printer	2	-
Bookbinder	2	-
Printer	34	-
Newspaper Agent, News Room Keeper	1	-
10. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN MACHINES AND IMPLEMENTS.	77	2
Engine, Machine Maker	13	-
Fitter, Turner (Engine and Machine)	25	-
Boiler Maker	10	-
Cutler, Scissors Maker	2	-
Domestic Implement Maker	1	1
Watch Maker, Clock Maker	20	1
Philosophical Instrument Maker	1	-
Musical Instrument Maker, Dealer	3	-
Die, Seal, Coin, Medal Maker	1	-
Toy Maker, Dealer	1	-
11. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN HOUSES, FURNITURE, AND DECORATIONS.	994	9
Builder	40	-
Carpenter, Joiner	348	2
Bricklayer	223	-
Mason	27	-
Slater, Tiler	1	-
Plasterer, Whitewasher	68	-
Paperhanger	9	-
Plumber	58	1
Painter, Glazier	142	-
Cabinet Maker	47	5
French Polisher	5	-
Furniture Broker, Dealer	3	1
Locksmith, Bellhanger	1	-
Gas Fitter	19	-
Carver, Gilder	2	-
Artificial Flower Maker	1	-
12. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CARRIAGES AND HARNESS.	72	-
Coachmaker	28	-
Railway Carriage, Railway Wagon, Maker	1	-
Wheelwright	18	-
Saddler, Harness, Whip Maker	25	-
13. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN SHIPS AND BOATS.	25	-
Ship, Boat, Barge Builder	5	-
Shipwright, Ship Carpenter (ashore)	15	-
Sail Maker	5	-
14. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CHEMICALS AND COMPOUNDS.	28	1
Fusee, Fireworks, Explosive Article Manufacture	1	1
Chemist, Druggist	24	-
Manufacturing Chemist	3	-
15. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TOBACCO AND PIPES.	13	1
Tobacco Manufacture, Tobacconist	9	1
Tobacco Pipe, Snuff Box &c. Maker	4	-
16. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN FOOD AND LODGING.	723	246
Innkeeper, Hotel Keeper, Publican	99	20
Lodging, Boarding House Keeper	46	181
Coffee, Eating House, Keeper	8	2
Maltster	2	-
Brewer	22	-
Beerseller, Ale, Porter, Cider Dealer	8	2
Cellarman	10	-
Wine, Spirit - Merchant, Agent	13	1
Milkseller, Dairyman	31	-
Butcher, Meat Salesman	86	2
Provision Curer, Dealer	4	2
Poulterer, Game Dealer	4	-
Fishmonger	45	1
Corn, Flour, Seed Merchant, Dealer	12	-
Corn Miller	35	-
Baker	100	5
Confectioner, Pastrycook	11	6
Greengrocer, Fruiterer	28	13
Grocer. Tea, Coffee, Chocolate Maker, Dealer	155	11
Ginger Beer, Mineral Water Manufacturer, Dealer	4	-
17. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TEXTILE FABRICS.	80	57
Woollen Cloth Manufacture	-	1
Silk, Silk Goods, Manufacture	1	-
Silk Merchant, Dealer	1	-
Lace Manufacturer, Dealer	1	-
Dyer, Printer, Scourer, Bleacher, Calenderer (undefined)	-	1
Draper, Linen Draper, Mercer	76	49
Fancy Goods (Textile) Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	1	6
18. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN DRESS.	229	402
Straw - Hat, Bonnet, Plait Manufacture	-	2
Tailor	96	7
Milliner, Dressmaker, Staymaker	-	356
Shirt Maker, Seamstress	2	33
Hosier, Haberdasher	7	1
Shoe, Boot - Maker, Dealer	109	3
Wig Maker, Hair Dresser	13	-
Umbrella, Parasol, Stick - Maker, Dealer	2	-
19. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS ANIMAL SUBSTANCES.	7	2
Tallow Chandler, Candle, Grease Manufacture	2	-
Furrier, Skinner	1	1
Currier	1	-
Brush, Broom, Maker	1	-
Quill, Feather - Dresser, Dealer	2	1
20. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES.	64	8
Oil Miller, Oil Cake - Maker, Dealer	1	-
Oil and Colourman	3	-
Willow, Cane, Rush Worker, Dealer, Basketmaker	6	-
Hay, Straw (not plait), Chaff, Cutter, Dealer	1	-
Thatcher	2	-
Timber, Wood - Merchant, Dealer	13	-
Sawyer	16	-
Lath, Wooden Fence, Hurdle Maker	5	-
Wood Turner, Box Maker	1	-
Cooper, Hoop Maker, Bender	1	-
Paper Manufacture	2	-
Stationer, Law Stationer	9	8
Paper Box, Paper Bag Maker	1	-
Others	3	-
21. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS MINERAL SUBSTANCES.	343	7
Coal Miner	4	-
Miner, in other or undefined Minerals	1	-
Coal Merchant	15	-
Coalheaver	15	-
Coke, Charcoal, Peat - Cutter, Burner, Dealer	1	-
Gas Works Service	18	-
Stone Quarrier	7	-
Stone Cutter, Dresser, Dealer	1	-
Limeburner	7	-
Plaster, Cement Manufacture	8	-
Brick, Tile - Maker, Burner, Dealer	46	-
Paviour	2	-
Road Labourer	6	1
Platelayer	19	1
Railway Labourer, Navvy	40	-
Earthenware, China, Porcelain, Manufacture	1	-
Glass Manufacture	1	-
Earthenware, China, Glass Dealer	5	2
Waterworks Service	2	-
Goldsmith, Silversmith, Jeweller	6	-
[Iron Manufacture]	3	-
Blacksmith	97	3
Whitesmith	10	-
Ironmonger. Hardware Dealer, Merchant	20	-
Tin, Tin Plate, Tin Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	8	-
22. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN GENERAL OR UNSPECIFIED COMMODITIES.	1,023	76
General Shopkeeper, Dealer	39	25
Pawnbroker	2	-
Costermonger, Huckster, Street Seller	21	11
Manufacturer, Manager, Superintendant (undefined)	11	5
Contractor (undefined)	2	-
General Labourer	839	3
Engine Driver, Stoker, Fireman (not railway, marine or agricultural)	57	-
Artizan, Mechanic (undefined)	28	27
Apprentice (undefined)	16	1
Factory Labourer (undefined)	6	-
Machinist, Machine Worker (undefined)	2	4
23. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN REFUSE MATTERS.	5	-
Chimney Sweep, Soot Merchant	5	-
24. PERSONS WITHOUT SPECIFIED OCCUPATIONS.	221	1,057
Persons returned by Property, Rank &c. and not special occupation	221	1,057
[UNKNOWN OCCUPATION]	236	5,203
[Occupation recorded but of unknown meaning]	6	2
[Blank field, or illegible]	230	5,201

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Notes:

The following notes to the table appeared in the original report.

1	This table is a very special case: The original Table 10 as published by Division in the 1881 census reports was limited to data for Registration Divisions, their component Registration Counties, and just those Urban Sanitary Districts with populations of over 50,000. Data presented here for counties and higher-level units are taken from the published reports, as usual, but we also include in A Vision of Britain through Time data for Registration Districts, sub-Districts and Civil Parishes which never appeared in the original reports. These were specially created for us by the History Data Service at the University of Essex and derive from the complete transcription of the individual-level Enumerators Book data coordinated by the Genealogical Society of Utah.
2	In creating these data, each occupation listed in the enumerators books has been assigned as far as possible to the relevant category used in the published reports, but some additional categories with labels in square brackets unavoidably appear. Unlike the published statistics for higher-level units, these specially-calculated data for districts and parishes include persons under 15 or over 65. For these and other reasons, no attempt has been made to ensure that county totals for the districts or parishes match the published county totals. The remaining notes are those that appeared below the original published table.
3	NOTE.--Persons returned as engaged in more than one occupation have been referred to the one that appeared to be of most importance; or if there was no difference in this respect, to the one first given by the person in his or her return. In some cases special rules have been followed: e.g. "Clergyman and Schoolmaster" in combination has always been referred to "Schoolmaster"; a Member of Parliament or Peer engaged in any branch of commerce or industry has always been referred to this latter, not to "Peer, M.P.".
4	The numbers returned under any heading include Labourers, Apprentices, and Assistants, as well as Masters, but not Clerks, Messengers, Errand boys, Porters, or Watchmen, for which occupations there are special headings. Civil, Military, and Naval Clerks, Law, Bank, Insurance, and Railway Clerks, and Government and Railway Porters, are, however, exceptions to this rule. Many young persons, being Apprentices or Assistants, have therefore been referred to occupations usually followed by adults. Women also, chiefly widows or orphans carrying on the business of their deceased husbands or fathers, will sometimes be found under occupations commonly followed by men only.
5	Persons returned as retired from any business have not been referred to that business. Inmates of workhouses have been referred to their trades, unless their age or infirmities showed that they were past work. But persons who might be supposed to be only temporarily separated from their usual employment, such as Prisoners, and Patients in General Hospitals, have been classed under their usual occupations.
6	In some cases, for convenience of space, the male designation, e.g. "Schoolmaster", alone is given, instead of "Schoolmaster, Schoolmistress".

This website does not try to provide an exact replica of the original printed census tables, which often had thousands of rows and far more columns than will fit on our web pages. Instead, we let you drill down from national totals to the most detailed data available. The column headings are those that appeared in the original printed report. The numbers presented here, which are the same ones we use to create statistical maps and graphs, come from the census table and have usually been carefully checked.

The system can only hold statistics for units listed in our administrative gazetteer, so some rows from the original table may be missing. Sometimes big low-level units, like urban parishes, were divided between more than one higher-level units, like Registration sub-Districts. This is why some pages will give a higher figure for a lower-level unit: it covers the whole of the lower-level unit, not just the part within the current higher-level unit.

Acknowledgments:

We are grateful to the following contributors. If you make use of the data in your own work, please follow any instructions given here on acknowledgment and re-use.

(1) Kevin Schurer (Department of Geography, University of Cambridge). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)

(2) Matthew Woollard (UK Data Service, University of Essex). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)