Vision of Britain | 1881 Census: Ages

1881 Census of England and Wales, Tables: Ages, Condition as to Marriage, Occupations and Birthplaces of people, Table 10 : " Occupations of Males and Females in the Division and its Registration Counties".

Show Auckland RegD/PLU table	Bishop Auckland SubD

OCCUPATIONS.	Males. [1]	Females. [2]
1. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE GENERAL OR LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF THE COUNTRY.	77	9
Civil Service (officers and clerks)	11	4
Civil Service (messengers, &c.)	12	-
Police	37	-
Municipal, Parish, Union, District, Officer	14	5
Other Local or County Official	3	-
2. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE DEFENCE OF THE COUNTRY.	6	-
Army Officer (effective/retired)	1	-
Soldier and Non-commissioned officer	3	-
Militia, Yeomanry, Volunteers	1	-
Army Pensioner	1	-
3. PERSONS ENGAGED IN PROFESSIONAL OCCUPATIONS (WITH THEIR IMMEDIATE SUBORDINATES).	326	177
Clergymen (Established Church)	25	-
Roman Catholic Priest	3	-
Minister, Priest of other religious bodies	21	-
Missionary, Scripture Reader, Itinerant preacher	8	1
Theological Student	5	-
Church, chapel, cemetery - officer, servant	8	1
Barrister, Solicitor	9	-
Law Clerk, and others connected with the law	33	-
Physician, Surgeon, General Practitioner	21	-
Dentist	1	-
Medical Student, Assistant	13	-
Midwife	-	1
Subordinate Medical Service	4	6
Schoolmaster	95	141
Teacher, Professor, Lecturer	-	7
School Service, and others connected with teaching	1	-
Author, Editor, Journalist	5	1
Reporter, Short-hand Writer	1	-
Civil Engineer	6	-
Mining Engineer	24	-
Land, House, Ship, Surveyor	5	-
Painter (artist)	2	-
Architect	6	-
Musician, Music Master	10	9
Photographer	3	-
Actor	12	9
Art, Music, Theatre Service	2	1
Billiard, Cricket & other Games, Service	3	-
4. PERSONS ENGAGED IN DOMESTIC OFFICES OR SERVICES.	75	1,568
Domestic Coachman, Groom	9	-
Domestic Gardener	23	-
Domestic Indoor Servant	23	1,473
Lodge, Gate, Park Keeper (not Government)	2	-
Inn, Hotel Servant	16	19
Charwoman	-	33
Washing and Bathing Service	1	41
Hospital and Institution Service	-	2
Others engaged in Service	1	-
5. PERSONS ENGAGED IN COMMERCIAL OCCUPATIONS.	248	14
Merchant	3	-
Broker, Agent, Factor	15	-
Auctioneer, Appraiser, Valuer, House Agent	13	-
Accountant	10	-
Salesman, Buyer (not otherwise specified)	3	9
Commercial Traveller	29	-
Commercial Clerk	137	5
Bank Service	11	-
Life, House, Ship &c., Insurance Service	27	-
6. PERSONS ENGAGED IN CONVEYANCE OF MEN, GOODS, AND MESSAGES.	694	7
Railway Engine Driver, Stoker	201	-
Railway Guard	71	-
Pointsman, Level Crossing Man	40	-
Other Railway Officials and Servants	188	2
Toll Collector, Turnpike Gate Keeper	1	-
Omnibus, Coach, Cab, Owner - Livery Stable Keeper	8	1
Cabman, Flyman, Coachman (not domestic)	21	-
Carman, Carrier, Carter, Haulier	113	-
Seaman (Merchant Service)	9	-
Harbour, Dock, Wharf, Lighthouse Service	1	-
Warehouseman (not Manchester)	8	-
Meter, Weigher	7	-
Messenger, Porter, Watchman (not Railway or Government)	14	2
Telegraph, Telephone Service	12	2
7. PERSONS ENGAGED IN AGRICULTURE.	472	55
Farmer, Grazier	99	8
Farmer's, Grazier's - Son, Grandson, Brother, Nephew	53	-
Farm Bailiff	15	-
Agricultural Labourer, Farm Servant, Cottager	276	46
Shepherd	3	-
Land Drainage Service (not in towns)	2	-
Agricultural Machine - Proprietor, Attendant	1	-
Woodman	9	1
Nurseryman, Seedsman, Florist	3	-
Gardener (not domestic)	11	-
8. PERSONS ENGAGED ABOUT ANIMALS.	114	-
Horse Proprietor, Breeder, Dealer	6	-
Groom, Horse-keeper, Horse-breaker	88	-
Veterinary Surgeon, Farrier	5	-
Cattle, Sheep, Pig - Dealer, Salesman	3	-
Gamekeeper	9	-
Vermin Destroyer	3	-
9. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN BOOKS, PRINTS, AND MAPS.	67	8
Publisher, Bookseller, Librarian	5	-
Music-Publisher, Seller, Printer	-	2
Bookbinder	11	5
Printer	45	-
Newspaper Agent, News Room Keeper	6	1
10. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN MACHINES AND IMPLEMENTS.	310	1
Engine, Machine Maker	51	-
Millwright	8	-
Fitter, Turner (Engine and Machine)	166	-
Boiler Maker	46	-
Spinning and Weaving Machine Maker	1	-
Agricultural Machine and Implement Maker	5	-
Tool Maker, Dealer	1	-
Cutler, Scissors Maker	3	-
Watch Maker, Clock Maker	22	-
Electrical Apparatus Maker	1	-
Weighing and Measuring Apparatus Maker	1	-
Gunsmith, Gun Manufacturer	1	-
Musical Instrument Maker, Dealer	2	1
Fishing Rod, Tackle, Maker, Dealer	2	-
11. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN HOUSES, FURNITURE, AND DECORATIONS.	996	9
Builder	22	-
Carpenter, Joiner	359	-
Bricklayer	94	-
Mason	317	-
Slater, Tiler	13	-
Plasterer, Whitewasher	10	-
Plumber	36	-
Painter, Glazier	78	-
Cabinet Maker	46	6
French Polisher	5	1
Furniture Broker, Dealer	2	1
Gas Fitter	10	-
Wood Carver	1	-
Carver, Gilder	3	-
Dealer in Works of Art	-	1
12. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CARRIAGES AND HARNESS.	66	-
Coachmaker	7	-
Railway Carriage, Railway Wagon, Maker	24	-
Wheelwright	2	-
Others	16	-
Saddler, Harness, Whip Maker	17	-
13. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN SHIPS AND BOATS.	1	-
Mast, Yard, Oar, Block Maker	1	-
14. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CHEMICALS AND COMPOUNDS.	34	3
Dye, Paint Manufacture	-	1
Chemist, Druggist	29	1
Manufacturing Chemist	5	-
Alkali Manufacture	-	1
15. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TOBACCO AND PIPES.	11	5
Tobacco Manufacture, Tobacconist	8	5
Tobacco Pipe, Snuff Box &c. Maker	3	-
16. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN FOOD AND LODGING.	680	116
Innkeeper, Hotel Keeper, Publican	108	23
Lodging, Boarding House Keeper	4	22
Coffee, Eating House, Keeper	2	4
Maltster	1	-
Brewer	15	-
Beerseller, Ale, Porter, Cider Dealer	10	5
Cellarman	1	-
Wine, Spirit - Merchant, Agent	5	1
Milkseller, Dairyman	10	4
Cheesemonger, Butterman	3	-
Butcher, Meat Salesman	142	-
Provision Curer, Dealer	4	2
Fishmonger	10	2
Corn, Flour, Seed Merchant, Dealer	5	2
Corn Miller	27	-
Baker	10	1
Confectioner, Pastrycook	13	8
Greengrocer, Fruiterer	57	14
Sugar Refiner	2	-
Grocer. Tea, Coffee, Chocolate Maker, Dealer	243	28
Ginger Beer, Mineral Water Manufacturer, Dealer	8	-
17. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TEXTILE FABRICS.	134	56
Woollen Cloth Manufacture	-	1
Silk Merchant, Dealer	2	-
Cotton, Cotton Goods Manufacture	-	3
Flax, Linen - Manufacturer, Dealer	1	-
Rope, Twine, Cord - Maker, Dealer	1	-
Weaver (undefined)	-	3
Factory Hand (textile, undefined)	2	1
Carpet, Rug Manufacture	1	-
Draper, Linen Draper, Mercer	126	45
Fancy Goods (Textile) Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	1	3
18. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN DRESS.	432	670
Hatter, Hat Manufacture	7	-
Straw - Hat, Bonnet, Plait Manufacture	-	1
Tailor	195	8
Milliner, Dressmaker, Staymaker	2	613
Shirt Maker, Seamstress	-	36
Hosiery Manufacture	1	1
Shoe, Boot - Maker, Dealer	199	9
Patten, Clog Maker	10	1
Wig Maker, Hair Dresser	17	-
Umbrella, Parasol, Stick - Maker, Dealer	1	-
Old Clothes Dealer, and others	-	1
19. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS ANIMAL SUBSTANCES.	22	4
Tallow Chandler, Candle, Grease Manufacture	4	-
Manure Manufacture	4	4
Currier	11	-
Brush, Broom, Maker	3	-
20. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES.	48	5
Oil Miller, Oil Cake - Maker, Dealer	2	-
Willow, Cane, Rush Worker, Dealer, Basketmaker	1	2
Timber, Wood - Merchant, Dealer	4	-
Sawyer	20	-
Wood Turner, Box Maker	4	-
Cooper, Hoop Maker, Bender	9	-
Paper Manufacture	-	1
Stationer, Law Stationer	6	2
Others	2	-
21. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS MINERAL SUBSTANCES.	10,081	44
Coal Miner	7,152	23
Ironstone Miner	9	-
Tin Miner	1	-
Lead Miner	5	-
Miner, in other or undefined Minerals	154	-
Mine Service	34	-
[Haulier] [not in Census Report but in codebook]	1	-
Coal Merchant	11	2
Coalheaver	7	-
Coke, Charcoal, Peat - Cutter, Burner, Dealer	537	2
Gas Works Service	31	-
Stone Quarrier	25	-
Stone Cutter, Dresser, Dealer	6	-
Limeburner	1	-
Clay, Sand, Gravel, Chalk, Labourer, Dealer	-	1
Well Sinker, Borer	7	-
Brick, Tile - Maker, Burner, Dealer	113	3
Road Contractor, Surveyor, Inspector	1	-
Road Labourer	13	-
Platelayer	84	1
Railway Labourer, Navvy	37	-
Earthenware, China, Porcelain, Manufacture	33	3
Earthenware, China, Glass Dealer	6	1
Waterworks Service	4	-
Goldsmith, Silversmith, Jeweller	3	-
[Iron Manufacture]	1,388	4
[Steel Manufacture]	3	-
Blacksmith	336	3
Whitesmith	2	-
Nail Manufacture	4	-
Anchor, Chain Manufacture	2	-
Ironmonger. Hardware Dealer, Merchant	25	1
Other Iron and Steel Manufacture	1	-
Tin, Tin Plate, Tin Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	29	-
Metal Refiner, Worker, Turner, Dealer	8	-
Brass, Bronze Manufacture. Brazier	3	-
Wire Maker, Worker, Weaver, Drawer	1	-
Bolt, Nut, Rivet, Screw, Staple Maker	4	-
22. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN GENERAL OR UNSPECIFIED COMMODITIES.	1,541	86
General Shopkeeper, Dealer	38	24
Pawnbroker	3	2
Costermonger, Huckster, Street Seller	79	49
Manufacturer, Manager, Superintendant (undefined)	10	2
Contractor (undefined)	11	-
General Labourer	947	6
Engine Driver, Stoker, Fireman (not railway, marine or agricultural)	378	-
Artizan, Mechanic (undefined)	37	2
Apprentice (undefined)	4	-
Factory Labourer (undefined)	30	1
Machinist, Machine Worker (undefined)	4	-
23. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN REFUSE MATTERS.	6	6
Chimney Sweep, Soot Merchant	5	-
Rag Gatherer, Dealer	1	6
24. PERSONS WITHOUT SPECIFIED OCCUPATIONS.	159	2,126
Persons returned by Property, Rank &c. and not special occupation	159	2,126
[UNKNOWN OCCUPATION]	314	9,538
[Occupation recorded but of unknown meaning]	6	1
[Blank field, or illegible]	308	9,537

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Notes:

The following notes to the table appeared in the original report.

1	This table is a very special case: The original Table 10 as published by Division in the 1881 census reports was limited to data for Registration Divisions, their component Registration Counties, and just those Urban Sanitary Districts with populations of over 50,000. Data presented here for counties and higher-level units are taken from the published reports, as usual, but we also include in A Vision of Britain through Time data for Registration Districts, sub-Districts and Civil Parishes which never appeared in the original reports. These were specially created for us by the History Data Service at the University of Essex and derive from the complete transcription of the individual-level Enumerators Book data coordinated by the Genealogical Society of Utah.
2	In creating these data, each occupation listed in the enumerators books has been assigned as far as possible to the relevant category used in the published reports, but some additional categories with labels in square brackets unavoidably appear. Unlike the published statistics for higher-level units, these specially-calculated data for districts and parishes include persons under 15 or over 65. For these and other reasons, no attempt has been made to ensure that county totals for the districts or parishes match the published county totals. The remaining notes are those that appeared below the original published table.
3	NOTE.--Persons returned as engaged in more than one occupation have been referred to the one that appeared to be of most importance; or if there was no difference in this respect, to the one first given by the person in his or her return. In some cases special rules have been followed: e.g. "Clergyman and Schoolmaster" in combination has always been referred to "Schoolmaster"; a Member of Parliament or Peer engaged in any branch of commerce or industry has always been referred to this latter, not to "Peer, M.P.".
4	The numbers returned under any heading include Labourers, Apprentices, and Assistants, as well as Masters, but not Clerks, Messengers, Errand boys, Porters, or Watchmen, for which occupations there are special headings. Civil, Military, and Naval Clerks, Law, Bank, Insurance, and Railway Clerks, and Government and Railway Porters, are, however, exceptions to this rule. Many young persons, being Apprentices or Assistants, have therefore been referred to occupations usually followed by adults. Women also, chiefly widows or orphans carrying on the business of their deceased husbands or fathers, will sometimes be found under occupations commonly followed by men only.
5	Persons returned as retired from any business have not been referred to that business. Inmates of workhouses have been referred to their trades, unless their age or infirmities showed that they were past work. But persons who might be supposed to be only temporarily separated from their usual employment, such as Prisoners, and Patients in General Hospitals, have been classed under their usual occupations.
6	In some cases, for convenience of space, the male designation, e.g. "Schoolmaster", alone is given, instead of "Schoolmaster, Schoolmistress".

This website does not try to provide an exact replica of the original printed census tables, which often had thousands of rows and far more columns than will fit on our web pages. Instead, we let you drill down from national totals to the most detailed data available. The column headings are those that appeared in the original printed report. The numbers presented here, which are the same ones we use to create statistical maps and graphs, come from the census table and have usually been carefully checked.

The system can only hold statistics for units listed in our administrative gazetteer, so some rows from the original table may be missing. Sometimes big low-level units, like urban parishes, were divided between more than one higher-level units, like Registration sub-Districts. This is why some pages will give a higher figure for a lower-level unit: it covers the whole of the lower-level unit, not just the part within the current higher-level unit.

Acknowledgments:

We are grateful to the following contributors. If you make use of the data in your own work, please follow any instructions given here on acknowledgment and re-use.

(1) Kevin Schurer (Department of Geography, University of Cambridge). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)

(2) Matthew Woollard (UK Data Service, University of Essex). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)