Vision of Britain | 1881 Census: Ages

1881 Census of England and Wales, Tables: Ages, Condition as to Marriage, Occupations and Birthplaces of people, Table 10 : " Occupations of Males and Females in the Division and its Registration Counties".

Show Newcastle under Lyme RegD/PLU table	Newcastle under Lyme SubD

OCCUPATIONS.	Males. [1]	Females. [2]
1. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE GENERAL OR LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF THE COUNTRY.	48	2
Civil Service (officers and clerks)	5	1
Civil Service (messengers, &c.)	9	-
Police	25	-
Municipal, Parish, Union, District, Officer	4	1
Other Local or County Official	5	-
2. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE DEFENCE OF THE COUNTRY.	14	-
Army Officer (effective/retired)	1	-
Soldier and Non-commissioned officer	4	-
Militia, Yeomanry, Volunteers	4	-
Army Pensioner	3	-
Navy Pensioner	2	-
3. PERSONS ENGAGED IN PROFESSIONAL OCCUPATIONS (WITH THEIR IMMEDIATE SUBORDINATES).	190	106
Clergymen (Established Church)	10	-
Roman Catholic Priest	2	-
Minister, Priest of other religious bodies	7	-
Missionary, Scripture Reader, Itinerant preacher	1	1
Church, chapel, cemetery - officer, servant	5	-
Barrister, Solicitor	11	-
Law Student	2	-
Law Clerk, and others connected with the law	35	-
Physician, Surgeon, General Practitioner	8	1
Dentist	1	-
Midwife	-	4
Subordinate Medical Service	-	11
Schoolmaster	48	71
Teacher, Professor, Lecturer	1	13
School Service, and others connected with teaching	2	1
Author, Editor, Journalist	1	-
Reporter, Short-hand Writer	1	-
Persons engaged in Scientific Pursuits	1	-
Mining Engineer	5	-
Land, House, Ship, Surveyor	2	-
Painter (artist)	6	1
Engraver (artist)	8	-
Architect	6	-
Musician, Music Master	20	2
Art Student	3	-
Photographer	2	1
Billiard, Cricket & other Games, Service	2	-
4. PERSONS ENGAGED IN DOMESTIC OFFICES OR SERVICES.	126	854
Domestic Coachman, Groom	53	-
Domestic Gardener	42	-
Domestic Indoor Servant	21	722
Inn, Hotel Servant	9	15
College, Club Service	1	2
Charwoman	-	53
Washing and Bathing Service	-	60
Hospital and Institution Service	-	2
5. PERSONS ENGAGED IN COMMERCIAL OCCUPATIONS.	150	1
Merchant	1	-
Broker, Agent, Factor	7	-
Auctioneer, Appraiser, Valuer, House Agent	10	-
Accountant	9	-
Salesman, Buyer (not otherwise specified)	-	1
Commercial Traveller	18	-
Commercial Clerk	81	-
Bank Service	12	-
Life, House, Ship &c., Insurance Service	12	-
6. PERSONS ENGAGED IN CONVEYANCE OF MEN, GOODS, AND MESSAGES.	196	5
Railway Engine Driver, Stoker	9	-
Railway Guard	5	-
Pointsman, Level Crossing Man	3	-
Other Railway Officials and Servants	62	-
Omnibus, Coach, Cab, Owner - Livery Stable Keeper	2	-
Cabman, Flyman, Coachman (not domestic)	6	-
Carman, Carrier, Carter, Haulier	55	-
Inland Navigation Service	1	-
Bargeman, Lighterman, Waterman	6	-
Seaman (Merchant Service)	4	-
Harbour, Dock, Wharf, Lighthouse Service	2	-
Warehouseman (not Manchester)	5	4
Messenger, Porter, Watchman (not Railway or Government)	36	-
Telegraph, Telephone Service	-	1
7. PERSONS ENGAGED IN AGRICULTURE.	224	9
Farmer, Grazier	45	2
Farmer's, Grazier's - Son, Grandson, Brother, Nephew	18	-
Farm Bailiff	3	-
Agricultural Labourer, Farm Servant, Cottager	142	7
Land Drainage Service (not in towns)	1	-
Woodman	6	-
Gardener (not domestic)	9	-
8. PERSONS ENGAGED ABOUT ANIMALS.	23	-
Horse Proprietor, Breeder, Dealer	1	-
Groom, Horse-keeper, Horse-breaker	10	-
Veterinary Surgeon, Farrier	3	-
Cattle, Sheep, Pig - Dealer, Salesman	4	-
Drover	2	-
Gamekeeper	3	-
9. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN BOOKS, PRINTS, AND MAPS.	41	4
Publisher, Bookseller, Librarian	6	-
Bookbinder	7	3
Printer	27	1
Lithographer, Lithographic Printer	1	-
10. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN MACHINES AND IMPLEMENTS.	109	2
Engine, Machine Maker	20	-
Millwright	6	-
Fitter, Turner (Engine and Machine)	32	-
Boiler Maker	13	-
Spinning and Weaving Machine Maker	1	-
Cutler, Scissors Maker	4	-
Domestic Implement Maker	1	-
Watch Maker, Clock Maker	30	2
Philosophical Instrument Maker	1	-
Musical Instrument Maker, Dealer	1	-
11. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN HOUSES, FURNITURE, AND DECORATIONS.	593	9
Builder	9	-
Carpenter, Joiner	134	-
Bricklayer	206	1
Mason	22	-
Plasterer, Whitewasher	15	-
Paperhanger	1	-
Plumber	28	-
Painter, Glazier	89	-
Cabinet Maker	51	8
French Polisher	9	-
Furniture Broker, Dealer	5	-
Gas Fitter	11	-
Funeral Furniture Maker, Undertaker	1	-
Wood Carver	4	-
Carver, Gilder	7	-
Figure, Image - Maker, Dealer	1	-
12. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CARRIAGES AND HARNESS.	87	-
Coachmaker	34	-
Railway Carriage, Railway Wagon, Maker	8	-
Wheelwright	20	-
Others	8	-
Saddler, Harness, Whip Maker	17	-
14. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CHEMICALS AND COMPOUNDS.	14	-
Dye, Paint Manufacture	2	-
Ink, Blacking, Colour Substance Manufacture	1	-
Gunpowder, Guncotton, Explosive Substance Manufacture	1	-
Chemist, Druggist	8	-
Manufacturing Chemist	1	-
Drysalter	1	-
15. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TOBACCO AND PIPES.	4	2
Tobacco Manufacture, Tobacconist	1	2
Tobacco Pipe, Snuff Box &c. Maker	3	-
16. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN FOOD AND LODGING.	411	63
Innkeeper, Hotel Keeper, Publican	52	5
Lodging, Boarding House Keeper	1	6
Coffee, Eating House, Keeper	1	2
Maltster	8	-
Brewer	12	-
Beerseller, Ale, Porter, Cider Dealer	18	4
Cellarman	2	-
Wine, Spirit - Merchant, Agent	6	2
Milkseller, Dairyman	8	6
Butcher, Meat Salesman	83	3
Provision Curer, Dealer	5	2
Poulterer, Game Dealer	1	-
Fishmonger	8	-
Corn Miller	24	-
Baker	47	1
Confectioner, Pastrycook	15	6
Greengrocer, Fruiterer	16	6
Sugar Refiner	12	-
Grocer. Tea, Coffee, Chocolate Maker, Dealer	91	20
Ginger Beer, Mineral Water Manufacturer, Dealer	1	-
17. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TEXTILE FABRICS.	108	127
Silk, Silk Goods, Manufacture	11	77
Cotton, Cotton Goods Manufacture	5	38
Lace Manufacturer, Dealer	1	-
Rope, Twine, Cord - Maker, Dealer	3	-
Factory Hand (textile, undefined)	-	1
Draper, Linen Draper, Mercer	88	9
Fancy Goods (Textile) Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	-	2
18. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN DRESS.	298	414
Hatter, Hat Manufacture	8	2
Straw - Hat, Bonnet, Plait Manufacture	-	2
Tailor	123	80
Milliner, Dressmaker, Staymaker	1	283
Shirt Maker, Seamstress	-	32
Hosier, Haberdasher	5	3
Shoe, Boot - Maker, Dealer	124	12
Patten, Clog Maker	24	-
Wig Maker, Hair Dresser	12	-
Umbrella, Parasol, Stick - Maker, Dealer	1	-
19. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS ANIMAL SUBSTANCES.	35	1
Tallow Chandler, Candle, Grease Manufacture	5	-
Bone, Horn, Ivory, Tortoise-shell - Worker, Dealer	2	-
Furrier, Skinner	4	-
Tanner, Fellmonger	6	-
Currier	14	-
Brush, Broom, Maker	4	1
20. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES.	65	18
Willow, Cane, Rush Worker, Dealer, Basketmaker	4	1
Hay, Straw (not plait), Chaff, Cutter, Dealer	8	-
Timber, Wood - Merchant, Dealer	2	-
Sawyer	22	-
Lath, Wooden Fence, Hurdle Maker	3	2
Wood Turner, Box Maker	5	-
Cooper, Hoop Maker, Bender	6	-
Paper Manufacture	7	13
Stationer, Law Stationer	7	2
Others	1	-
21. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS MINERAL SUBSTANCES.	2,172	253
Coal Miner	515	1
Ironstone Miner	177	-
Miner, in other or undefined Minerals	5	-
Mine Service	5	-
Coal Merchant	8	-
Coalheaver	5	-
Coke, Charcoal, Peat - Cutter, Burner, Dealer	2	-
Gas Works Service	26	-
Stone Quarrier	12	-
Stone Cutter, Dresser, Dealer	2	-
Well Sinker, Borer	2	-
Brick, Tile - Maker, Burner, Dealer	177	12
Paviour	2	-
Road Contractor, Surveyor, Inspector	1	-
Road Labourer	1	-
Railway Contractor	2	-
Platelayer	20	-
Railway Labourer, Navvy	34	-
Earthenware, China, Porcelain, Manufacture	486	231
Earthenware, China, Glass Dealer	3	1
Waterworks Service	1	-
Goldsmith, Silversmith, Jeweller	4	-
[Iron Manufacture]	544	3
Blacksmith	73	-
Whitesmith	5	-
Nail Manufacture	7	-
Anchor, Chain Manufacture	1	-
Ironmonger. Hardware Dealer, Merchant	22	1
Tin, Tin Plate, Tin Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	17	-
Metal Refiner, Worker, Turner, Dealer	1	2
Brass, Bronze Manufacture. Brazier	3	-
Metal Burnisher, Lacquerer	-	2
Wire Maker, Worker, Weaver, Drawer	7	-
Bolt, Nut, Rivet, Screw, Staple Maker	1	-
Lamp, Lantern, Candlestick Maker	1	-
22. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN GENERAL OR UNSPECIFIED COMMODITIES.	729	69
General Shopkeeper, Dealer	13	25
Pawnbroker	11	-
Costermonger, Huckster, Street Seller	43	28
Manufacturer, Manager, Superintendant (undefined)	1	1
General Labourer	556	4
Engine Driver, Stoker, Fireman (not railway, marine or agricultural)	68	-
Artizan, Mechanic (undefined)	20	1
Apprentice (undefined)	2	2
Factory Labourer (undefined)	13	4
Machinist, Machine Worker (undefined)	2	4
23. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN REFUSE MATTERS.	14	4
Town Drainage Service	4	-
Chimney Sweep, Soot Merchant	6	-
Scavenger, Crossing Sweeper	1	-
Rag Gatherer, Dealer	3	4
24. PERSONS WITHOUT SPECIFIED OCCUPATIONS.	81	534
Persons returned by Property, Rank &c. and not special occupation	81	534
[UNKNOWN OCCUPATION]	60	3,229
[Occupation recorded but of unknown meaning]	-	1
[Blank field, or illegible]	60	3,228

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Notes:

The following notes to the table appeared in the original report.

1	This table is a very special case: The original Table 10 as published by Division in the 1881 census reports was limited to data for Registration Divisions, their component Registration Counties, and just those Urban Sanitary Districts with populations of over 50,000. Data presented here for counties and higher-level units are taken from the published reports, as usual, but we also include in A Vision of Britain through Time data for Registration Districts, sub-Districts and Civil Parishes which never appeared in the original reports. These were specially created for us by the History Data Service at the University of Essex and derive from the complete transcription of the individual-level Enumerators Book data coordinated by the Genealogical Society of Utah.
2	In creating these data, each occupation listed in the enumerators books has been assigned as far as possible to the relevant category used in the published reports, but some additional categories with labels in square brackets unavoidably appear. Unlike the published statistics for higher-level units, these specially-calculated data for districts and parishes include persons under 15 or over 65. For these and other reasons, no attempt has been made to ensure that county totals for the districts or parishes match the published county totals. The remaining notes are those that appeared below the original published table.
3	NOTE.--Persons returned as engaged in more than one occupation have been referred to the one that appeared to be of most importance; or if there was no difference in this respect, to the one first given by the person in his or her return. In some cases special rules have been followed: e.g. "Clergyman and Schoolmaster" in combination has always been referred to "Schoolmaster"; a Member of Parliament or Peer engaged in any branch of commerce or industry has always been referred to this latter, not to "Peer, M.P.".
4	The numbers returned under any heading include Labourers, Apprentices, and Assistants, as well as Masters, but not Clerks, Messengers, Errand boys, Porters, or Watchmen, for which occupations there are special headings. Civil, Military, and Naval Clerks, Law, Bank, Insurance, and Railway Clerks, and Government and Railway Porters, are, however, exceptions to this rule. Many young persons, being Apprentices or Assistants, have therefore been referred to occupations usually followed by adults. Women also, chiefly widows or orphans carrying on the business of their deceased husbands or fathers, will sometimes be found under occupations commonly followed by men only.
5	Persons returned as retired from any business have not been referred to that business. Inmates of workhouses have been referred to their trades, unless their age or infirmities showed that they were past work. But persons who might be supposed to be only temporarily separated from their usual employment, such as Prisoners, and Patients in General Hospitals, have been classed under their usual occupations.
6	In some cases, for convenience of space, the male designation, e.g. "Schoolmaster", alone is given, instead of "Schoolmaster, Schoolmistress".

This website does not try to provide an exact replica of the original printed census tables, which often had thousands of rows and far more columns than will fit on our web pages. Instead, we let you drill down from national totals to the most detailed data available. The column headings are those that appeared in the original printed report. The numbers presented here, which are the same ones we use to create statistical maps and graphs, come from the census table and have usually been carefully checked.

The system can only hold statistics for units listed in our administrative gazetteer, so some rows from the original table may be missing. Sometimes big low-level units, like urban parishes, were divided between more than one higher-level units, like Registration sub-Districts. This is why some pages will give a higher figure for a lower-level unit: it covers the whole of the lower-level unit, not just the part within the current higher-level unit.

Acknowledgments:

We are grateful to the following contributors. If you make use of the data in your own work, please follow any instructions given here on acknowledgment and re-use.

(1) Kevin Schurer (Department of Geography, University of Cambridge). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)

(2) Matthew Woollard (UK Data Service, University of Essex). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)