Hull
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IN the the thirty years since I was at Hull, I conceive there are few places in the kingdom more improved than this. It was a close-built dirty, ugly place, that seemed to be far removed from all ideas of improvement. neatness, or beauty in buildings, whether public or private. The change effected is striking ! A new town is added, containing many very handsome, well-built houses: the streets are wide, and the houses elegant. A dock, covering ten acres, is dug, which contains a hundred and twenty ships, and cost 50,000l. raised in a hundred and twenty shares, of 250l. each; and such has been the prosperity of trade, that these shares now sell at 11001. and have as high as 1550l. Noble as this work is, it is insufficient for the shipping; and another is in contemplation, which will be effected when money is less valuable than it is at present. I lamented that so great a work should have been executed in brick. This vast increase of commerce at Hull deserves particular attention; for it marks the rising prosperity of the kingdom, in the last thirty years, much more clearly than the progress of London or Liverpool. Those places have almost entirely engrossed the American trade; and their increase has depended a good deal on the immense and rapid increase of population in America: but Hull is a place that subsists by the consumption of our own country, demanding a vast increase of imports, and being able to pay for them by rising exports to long-established countries. The navigation of the Humber is estimated at twenty millions sterling per annum. Immense exports pass by the Air and Calder; and they roughly estimate the imports at two hundred thousand tons, at the average of 30l. making 6,000,000l. They build many ships. at 6l. per ton, dead weight, for wood and iron; some to eight hundred and nine hundred tons; Greenlanders generally from three hundred to six hundred tons.?This is an increasing fishery, and has been of late very successful. I inquired if the gun-harpoon, introduced under the auspices of the Society of Arts, was in use; and was assured that none are used, though some are taken out by order of the ship-owners. House rent is low. Provisions?Beef, 8d. ; mutton, 6d; skate, 1d. per lb. ; salmon, 1s. cod, 1½d, smelts, 6d. a score. Rent of garden-ground, 4l. and 4l. 10s. an acre. In the dock, the machine called the bear is generally at work, raising the warp; which, were it not well attended to, would soon fill up the whole. As I wished to know the quantity of warp deposited by the water of the Humber, Thomas Thomson, Esq.Of this place, (to whose kindness and attention I owe much,) introduced me to Mr. John Harrap, the dock company?s surveyor, a very ingenious and well-informed engineer, by whom I was favoured with the following particulars. ?Hull, 6th September, 1797. ?Calculation of the quantities of mud taken out of the Hull dock, in the summer months, from April to the month of November. The quantities in each year, from 1790,as follows:
?The mud costs 2 ¼d. per ton taking out; the company finding machine, boats, and ropes. ?The average height of spring tides, in the dock, taking fourteen tides together, is nineteen feet six inches water upon the lock threshold; and is run out of the dock, at each tide, to the depth of sixteen feet six inches. In consequence of this, the depth of three feet of water on the surface of seven acres and a half, flows into the dock each tide, as above, in the course of spring tides. ?The average height of neap tides in the dock, taking fourteen tides together, is sixteen feet six inches water upon the lock threshold; and is run out of the dock, at each tide, to the depth of fourteen feet six inches. In consequence of this, the depth of two feet water each, the same surface as in the spring tides. ?The clear area of the dock is about ten acres and the mud is supposed to lie in the area of seven acres and a half, in consequence of its falling by the time it has reached two-thirds of the way up the dock. ?The great difference of the quantities of mud taken out in each year, is occasioned in part by the crowded state of the shipping, as particularly in the year 1796, &c. Hence it appears, that ten acres of water, to the average depth of two feet and a half, deposits twenty-three thousand tons of warp per annum, or two thousand three hundred tons per acre. This is a curious fact; for it proves how amazingly loaded the water of the Humber is with this mud. I have heard it calculated that a hundred loads of marl adds about an inch to the soil of a field: if one hundred tons of warp does the same, two thousand three hundred tons would add twenty-three inches. But l do not conceive the idea to be accurate; and that the addition of so close a body as mud, subsided regularly from water, would not increase the soil more, probably, than eighteen inches. But this shows how much may be done in one season, by warping land; as practised on the lands adjoining the rivers which fall into this great estuary of the Humber. But another fact arises from this account, which seems to me to be particularly interesting, and to demand, in a singular manner, the attention of farmers; for it shows how infinitely superior every branch of manufacture and of commerce is to agriculture, in the application of the mechanic powers. This machine, the bear, raises mud from the bottom of at least fourteen feet of water, delivers it into barges, and these barges go out into the Humber at a considerable distance, to discharge it for the small expence of 2¼d. per ton ! ! ! The men who so contract finding all labour, and horses to work the machine. A farmer pays as much, and in some places more, for raising earth into a cart. Thus infinitely superior is the merchant, even in the farmer?s own trade of raising earth ! I pay 3d. a cubical yard, which may be called a ton. for wheeling mud eighty yards; and these men take it up fourteen feet from below water, and carry it, I suppose. a mile, for less money ! Such facts are mortifying; they show how contented the whole race of agriculturists have slept for ages, while in manufactures and commerce every exertion of human abilities has been brought into full energy, to abridge labour, and lessen expences. For the following satisfactory particulars I am in debted to Mr. Thomas Frost, of this town. THE town of Kingston-upon-Hull is bounded on the east by the river Hull, on which it stands; on the south, by the river Humber; on the west, by the lordship of Myton; and on the north, by the lordship of Sculcoates. It is divided into two parishes, viz. the Holy Trinity and Saint Mary; was formerly inclosed by walls, a ditch, or fosse, and other military works; and contains within the walls, (which were lately taken down,) an area of about se. venty- three acres of ground. The county of the town of Kingston-upon-Hull, lies westward of the town of Hull; is supposed to contain about twelve thousand acres, and comprizes the lordship of Myton. and the several townships of Hessle, Anlaby, Tranby, Ferriby, Swanland, West Ella, Kirk Ella, and part of Willerby. This district was formerly a part of the county of York, but was separated therefrom, and, with the town of Hull, Formed into a county, by charter of the 25th of Henry the Sixth. The conjectures of the public respecting the population of Hull having been extremely varios, the Society for Literary Information in Hull, toward the latter end of the year 1792, in order accurately to ascertain their number, took an actual enumeration of the inhabitants, including those of the parish of Sculcoates, which, from its contiguity to Hull, may be considered as a part thereof. The following is an abstract of the enumeration.
Average of births for the years 1789, 1790, 1791.and 1792.
Average of burials for the same periods.
Average of inhabitants.
Number of females more than males 1140 Number of houses in Hull, exclusive of Sculcoates, that pay the house or window- tax,, viz.
It is not known, with certainty, what number of houses in Hull are exempt from the house or window-tax. By the act of parliament for laying a duty on inhabited houses, houses of less value than 5l. per annum, are not rateable to that tax; but to the window-tax they are rateable, let the value be ever so small. It has been the custom in Hull, not to rate any person to the poor-rate unless they were legally settled in Hull, or rented 10l. a year, or where not likely, (when the rental was less than 10l. per annnm) to become chargeable; but as no settlement is gained by being assessed to and paying the house and window duty, it is imagined fewer on that account are exempt from those taxes, than from the poor-rate. Hull being a large sea-port town, the inhabitants thereof are principally engaged in commercial pursuits, and those in the neighbourhood in agriculture. The importations into Hull are, iron from Sweden, iron, timber, hemp and flax from Russia, and wine from Spain and Portugal. There are no woollen or cotton manufactories in or near Hull; ? some sail-cloth and sacking is manufactured, but the quantity is not very considerable. There are also rope-makers, mast-makers, block-makers, six or seven yards for building, and as many dry docks for repairing ships; two sugar-houses, a soap-house, a paper-mill, and several mills for crushing rape-Seed and linseed, grinding flour, &c., some of which are worked by steam-engine, and the rest by wind. Both corn and shambles meat are at this time1
much higher, than at the same season of the year on an average for the last twenty years. Middling wheat is from 75s. to 81 s. per quarter. Beef, from 4d. to about 7d. per lb.; and mutton, from 5d. to 6d. per lb. The wages of labourers in the town of Hull, are so various, that it is difficult to estimate them with any accuracy. In the neighbourhood of Hull, the wages of a common agricultural labourer, at this time, is from 1 s. 9d. to 2s. per day; more at the latter price than the former. Immediately preceding 1795, they might be estimated at 1s. 6d. to 1s. 8d. per day. At task-work, a man will earn from 2s. 6d. to 3s. per day. The wages of a woman, are from 6d. to 8d. per day. Wages in harvest are higher. The rental of the town of Hull may be estimated at from thirty-five to forty thousand pounds per annum. The land for two or three miles round Hull is in grazing for the convenience of the inhabitants. The rent of that which is contiguous to the town, is from four to five pounds per acre. The rents decrease in proportion to the distance of the land from the town?At four or five miles from Hull, it is about thirty shillings per acre. The following is the state of dissenters in Hull.
Three Independent meeting-houses, attended by very numerous congregations. These are principally of the Calvanistic persuasion. One Presbyterian meeting, Said to be of the Socinian cast. One particular Baptist meeting. One general ditto. One Sandimanian ditto. One Roman Catholic chapel. One Methodist meeting. One ditto, Lady Huntingdon?s. One Quaker?s meeting. In the year 1769. there were not more than five meeting-houses in the town.?Their increase is generally imputed to the want of room in the churches, which were originally only two a third was built in 1791. There are but few farms in the neighbourhood of Hull. The rentals vary. and are in general from fifty to two hundred pounds per annum. The tenure of the land, in the neighbourhood of Hull, is principally freehold. In Holdernesse, which lies east of Hull, the lands in several townships are copyhold. The principal articles of cultivation, are wheat, oats, barley, and beans. There are but few commons, and little or no waste lands, in the neighbourhood of Hull. The lordship of Sculcoates, which lies north of, but is contiguous to the town of Hull, Probably contains about [blank] acres, and was inclosed upwards of a century ago The township of Sutton and Stone Ferry, part of which extends nearly to the town of Hull, contains about 4,180 acres, and were inclosed by act of parliament in 1764. Myton Carr, which lies west of, and is also contiguous to the town of Hull, contains about 170 acres, and was inclosed by act of parliament about the year 1771. The open fields of Hessle, Anlaby, and Tranby, which lie still further west of Hull, contain about 3,640 acres, and were inclosed by act of parliament in 1792. The open fields of West Ella, Kirk Ella, and Wellerby lie still further west of Hull, and contain about 1700 acres. An act has been obtained this year (1796) for the inclosure thereof. The fields of Ferriby and Swanland contain about 4,900 acres, and are still open. In the 9th and 10th of King William the Third, an act passed for erecting workhouses, and houses of correction, in the town of Hull, for the better employment and maintenance of the poor: whereby several persons therein named were incorporated by the name of ?The Governor, Deputy Governor, Assistants, and Guardians of the Poor,? to have the care of, and provide for, the maintenance of all the poor within the town
, of what age or kind soever; except such as should be sufficiently provided for by the charitable gifts of other persons, or in hospitals, or alms-houses. In 1698, the corporation built a house, called the Charity Hall, in which the poor have since been, and continue to be maintained. As the poor increased, several other acts of parliament were obtained (viz. 8th Anne, c. II. 15th Geo. II. c. 10. and 28th Geo. II. c. 27.) to impower the corporationation to raise further Sums of money for the maintenance of the poor, than they were authorised by the act 9th and 10th of William the Third. The following table shows the sums raised annually by virtue of those acts, from the year 1728 to the year 1796, inclusive.
It appears from this table, that war has at all times a great influence in increasing the poor-rates in Hull, owing to the great number of sailors who enter, or are impressed into his Majesty?s service; and whose families, not being left sufficiently provided for, are obliged to apply to the parish for relief. This method of providing for the poor has been found by experience to tend greatly to the ease of the inhabitants of the town; and the poor receive a more comfortable maintenance and relief now, than before the passing of these acts. In the last winter, (1795-6,) the number of persons maintained in the house were about 345. The number this day, (June I 8, 1796,) amounts to 214: besides which 900 families. containing about 2600 persons, (men, women, and children,) receive weekly relief out of the house. The out-relief for the week ending last Saturday. (June 11, 1796,) amounted to 47l. 2s. 6d. In addition to the above. 102 children are at this time nursed out of the house; the expence of which, for the week ending as above, amounted to 6l. 19s. 3d. The children in the house are employed in spinning jersey, their earnings amount annually to about 110l. The old people teaze rope into oakum, for the use of ship carpenters: their earnings amount annually to about 30l. The other persons in the house, that have been brought up to handicraft trades, such as shoemakers, taylors, &c. are constantly employed in making up and repairing clothes for the poor that are maintained in the house. The women knit all the hosiery, and keep the house clean. The children are instructed in reading and writing.-Prayers are read in the house daily; and on Sunday?s, all who are able, attend divine service, in the forenoon and the afternoon, in Trinity Church. The internal affairs of this house, and the cleanliness with which it is kept, cannot be spoken of in too high terms. The late Mr. Howard confessed that the neatness and cleanliness of the poor-house was a credit to the town. All the rooms in the house are washed, and the bed-clothes well aired every week. The beds are all taken down once a year. Births in the poor-house.
The births for a greater number of years past could not conveniently be obtained, as no registry is kept of the births and burials in the house. The births, upon an average, are about ten in a year, being chiefly of young unmarried girls, sent into the house to lie-in. A table of baptisms and burials at the Holy Trinity church in Hull, for different years, from 1689 to 1753, inclusive.
A table of marriages, baptisms; and burials, distinguishing the sex ,at the Holy Trinity church, in Hull, for the several years ,from 1755 to 1795, inclusive.
A table of the marriages, baptisms, and burials, at Saint Mary?s church, in Hull, for the several years from 1754 1795, inclusive.
N. B. Most of the dissenters in Hull, baptize and register the baptisms at their respective chapels, so that the same are not included in the above tables of baptisms, at the churches of the Holy Trinity and St. Mary. The proportion which the former bear to the latter, may be seen in the ? Average of Births for the Years 1789, 1790, 1791, and I792.? The Quakers and jews in Hull, having burial-places of their own; their burials are not included in the above tables. The proportion they bear to the other burials in Hull, may be reen in the ? Average of Burials,? for the above years. A table of the marriages, baptisms, and burials, distinguishing the sex, at Sculcoates church, for the several years, from 1755 to 1795, inclusive.
List of friendly societies in Hull, distinguishing such of them as have had their rules confirmed by the magistrate.
Rules confirmed:
Rules not confirmed:
Rules not confirmed:
In these useful societies, or private fraternities, each member deposits a certain sum of money monthly, as a fund for the support of such of the members, as, through sickness or infirmity, are unable to procure it for themselves; and to bury them decently when dead. These institutions have been found of great utility, particularly in easing the parish rates. The usual diet of labourers in Hull and its neighbourhood is wheaten bread; but Since the great advance in the price of wheat, about two-thirds wheat, and one-third rye: the latter is about half the price of the former. The cheapest sort of butcher?s meat. Potatoes and fish:? the latter may be frequently bought on moderate terms. The earnings of a labourer have already been mentioned under the title ? Wages.? Including the increase of wages in harvest, and the advantages arising from task work, those of an industious man may be estimated at about forty pounds per annum, (exclusive of the earnings of his wife and children,) a Sum equal to the Support of a man and his wife, and from two to three children
, which it is conceived is about the average of families. Mr. Davis thinks a man and his wife, and four or five children, only a medium. His supposition seems to be grounded on Price?s calculation of five to a house, which has since been found too high: four and a half is the present estimate, and perhaps much nearer the truth; and even this estimate is not of a family
, but of the inhabitants of a house
, in which there may be more than one family
,2
or there may be lodgers that are not children. If, therefore, according to the most accurate calculation. there be only four and a half individuals to a house
, Mr. Davis must be too high in estimating six and a half (or a man and his wife, and from four to five children) to a family. The following table shows the state of the trade and commerce of the port of Kingston-upon-Hull, at the close of the last, and beginning of the present century. A state of the revenue of the port of Kingston-upon-Hull, from the year I689 to the year 1706.
The following table being compared with the above, will show the progress trade and commerce have made at Hull during the present century. A State of the revenue of the port of Kingston-upon-Hull, from the year I766 to the year 1792.
A still further idea of the trade of Hull may be formed from a view of the number of ships, with their tonnage, employed in carrying it on, which may be seen in the following table. Ships from foreign parts, and coasters, with the tonnage of each, that arrived in the port of Kingston-upon-Hull, in the following years.
The five first years in the above table were those immediately preceding the war. 1
June 30, 1796. 2
From a great number of cases, it appears that this is much too low. A.Y.HULL
Years.
Tons.
1790
?
27,018
1791
?
20,755
1792
?
22,489
1793
?
19,393
1794
?
28,833
1795
?
27,122
1796
?
21,123
???
7 ) 166,733
???
Average
23,819
???
PARTICULARS OF THE TOWN OF KINGSTON-UPON-HULL.
EXTENT.
POPULATION.
Families
5,256
Males
10,573
Females
11,713
_____
Total of inhabitants
22,286
Trinity church
384¼
St. Mary?s, ditto
133
Sculcoates, ditto
90¼
Mr. Lambert?s chapel
45½
Mr. Beverley?s, ditto
41
Mr. Green?s, ditto
31
Mr. Beatson?s, ditto
20
Quaker?s
5
Jews.
2
??
Total
752
??
Trinity church
400¾
St. Mary? s, ditto
144¾
Sculcoates, ditto
111½
Quaker?s
4
Jews
1
???
Total
662¼
???
To a family
42
/10
Births
1 in 296
/10
Burials
1 in 336
/10
NUMBER OF H0USES.
Single tenements
1607
Double ditto
109
??
Total
1716
??
HOUSES EXEMPT.
OCCUPATIONS.
MANUFACTURES.
PRICE OF PROVISIONS.
WAGES.
RENTAL.
£.
s.
d.
The land tax for the town, is per ann.
1,541
16
8
Ditto for the county
511
5
8
?????
Making together
£2,053
2
4
?????
RELIGION.
ALEHOUSES.
The number of licensed alehouses in Hull this year (1796)
178
Ditto in the county
9
??
Making together
187
??
FARMS.
COMMONS AND WASTE LANDS.
INCLOSURES.
POOR.
Years.
£.
s.
1728.
?
416
0
1729
?
442
0
1730
?
442
0
1731
?
442
0
1732
?
442
0
1733
?
442
0
1734
?
442
0
1735
?
442
0
1736
?
442
0
1737
?
442
0
1738
?
442
0
1739
?
442
0
1740
?
442
0
1741
?
442
0
1742
?
650
0
1743
?
643
10
1744
?
643
10
1745
?
650
0
1746
?
650
0
1747
?
546
0
1748
?
546
0
1749
?
650
0
1750
?
650
0
1751
?
650
0
1752
?
650
0
1753
?
650
0
1754
?
650
0
1755
?
975
0
1756
?
975
0
1757
?
975
0
1758
?
1300
0
1759
?
1300
0
1760
?
1300
0
1761
?
1300
0
1762
?
1300
3
1763
?
988
0
1764
?
988
0
1765
?
988
0
1766
?
832
0
1767
?
702
0
1768
?
728
0
1769
?
832
0
1770
?
832
0
1771
?
832
0
1772
?
988
0
1773
?
1144
0
1774
?
1144
0
1775
?
1144
0
1776
?
1144
0
1777
?
1144
0
1778
?
1248
0
1779
?
1404
0
1780
?
1456
0
1781
?
1664
0
1782
?
1664
0
1783
?
1976
0
1784
?
1976
0
1785
?
2080
0
1786
?
2288
0
1787
?
2652
0
1788
?
3276
0
1789
?
3276
0
1790
?
3276
0
1791
?
2457
0
1792
?
2457
0
1793
?
3276
0
1794
?
4095
0
1795
?
5616
0
1796
?
5616
0
Years.
Births.
Years.
Births.
1792
21
1794
25
1793
28
1795
27
Years.
Baptisms.
Burials.
1689
178
252
1690
167
187
1709
137
157
1710
157
204
1719
154
244
1720
149
280
1729
142
993
1730
183
216
1739
196
243
1740
192
216
1750
-
279
1751
-
231
1752
245
244
1753
243
262
Baptisms.
Burials.
Years.
Marriages.
Males.
Females.
Total.
Males.
Females.
Total.
1755
?
141
135
276
140
134
274
1756
?
123
119
242
159
160
319
1757
?
108
130
238
136
183
319
1758
?
112
120
232
159
156
315
1759
?
103
126
229
115
131
246
1760
?
125
128
253
152
175
327
1761
?
122
115
237
124
128
252
1762
?
118
114
232
148
195
343
1763
?
104
126
230
135
144
279
1764
?
114
130
244
106
118
224
1765
?
131
110
241
137
167
304
1766
?
130
134
264
137
128
265
1767
?
141
117
258
143
155
298
1768
?
133
141
274
112
115
227
1769
?
138
144
282
186
192
378
1770
?
138
157
295
134
150
284
1771
?
136
126
262
101
97
204
1772
?
134
155
289
164
181
345
1773
?
154
74
228
148
211
359
1774
?
157
168
325
115
130
245
1775
?
144
152
296
166
190
356
1776
?
164
162
326
146
173
319
1777
?
191
151
342
152
141
293
1778
?
151
166
317
188
195
383
1779
?
145
166
311
150
167
317
1780
?
142
145
287
190
201
391
1781
?
141
151
292
176
160
336
1782
?
173
165
338
145
164
309
1783
?
160
110
270
226
213
439
1784
?
168
162
330
170
190
360
1785
?
200
188
388
178
156
334
1786
211
206
207
413
244
242
486
1787
195
218
194
412
185
186
371
1788
185
196
180
376
230
256
486
1789
210
206
204
410
260
298
558
1790
189
194
177
371
173
210
383
1791
201
175
202
377
195
281
376
1792
196
181
194
375
212
74
286
1793
205
193
191
384
186
199
385
1794
204
195
175
370
304
312
616
1795
187
184
205
389
200
239
439
??
??
??
??
??
??
6289
6216
12505
6833
7197
14030
Baptisms.
Burials.
Years.
Marriages.
Males.
Females.
Total.
Males.
Females.
Total.
1754
?
?
?
65
?
?
48
1755
?
?
?
59
?
?
59
1756
?
?
?
57
?
?
81
1757
?
?
?
59
?
?
63
1758
?
?
?
55
?
?
73
1759
?
?
?
65
?
?
57
1760
?
?
?
62
?
?
79
1761
?
?
?
59
?
?
87
1762
?
?
?
53
?
?
81
1763
?
?
?
66
?
?
85
1764
?
?
?
59
?
?
70
1765
?
?
?
62
?
?
76
1766
?
?
?
62
?
?
57
1767
?
?
?
73
?
?
84
1768
?
?
?
87
?
?
70
1769
?
?
?
83
?
?
80
1770
?
?
?
87
?
?
65
1771
?
?
?
98
?
?
64
1772
?
?
?
80
?
?
105
1773
?
?
?
81
?
?
101
1774
?
?
?
94
?
?
85
1775
?
?
?
78
?
?
114
1776
?
?
?
87
?
?
108
1777
?
?
?
98
?
?
110
1778
?
?
?
89
?
?
114
1779
?
?
?
89
?
?
106
1780
?
?
?
75
?
?
109
1781
?
?
?
98
?
?
99
1782
?
?
?
88
?
?
107
1783
?
?
?
95
?
?
157
1784
?
?
?
116
?
?
123
1785
?
?
?
120
?
?
129
1786
60
54
57
111
68
69
137
1787
60
53
71
124
56
82
138
1788
54
54
64
118
78
85
163
1789
47
62
83
145
69
97
166
1790
48
68
65
133
68
61
129
1791
57
58
47
105
78
60
138
1792
60
61
76
137
72
61
133
1793
62
61
58
119
60
65
125
1794
60
67
65
132
115
117
232
1795
62
78
49
127
64
67
131
??
??
3750
4338
Baptisms.
Burials.
Years.
Marriages.
Males.
Females.
Total.
Males.
Females.
Total.
1755
4
16
8
24
13
10
23
?56
10
8
8
16
12
12
24
?57
9
9
13
22
9
16
25
?58
8
9
14
23
24
18
42
?59
6
13
20
33
12
22
34
?60
6
10
13
23
30
26
56
?61
4
11
11
22
22
25
47
?62
7
13
12
25
24
24
48
?63
12
7
8
15
22
28
50
?64
10
18
15
33
17
25
43
?65
14
6
10
16
32
26
58
?66
4
11
11
22
22
17
39
?67
12
10
22
32
20
25
45
?68
8
11
17
28
17
34
51
?69
8
4
20
24
35
35
70
?70
5
17
19
36
23
21
44
?71
8
11
14
25
22
23
45
?72
11
17
13
30
23
22
45
?73
12
9
17
26
39
29
68
?84
20
31
33
64
39
48
87
?85
12
37
27
64
31
39
70
?86
18
35
31
66
62
50
112
?87
24
37
19
56
26
39
65
?88
33
40
32
72
49
55
104
?89
37
34
34
68
77
64
141
?90
39
34
47
81
34
38
72
?91
41
43
53
96
39
43
82
?92
48
50
50
100
61
69
130
?93
33
59
45
104
50
41
91
?94
48
55
59
114
103
78
181
?95
64
57
46
103
39
48
87
??
??
??
??
??
??
??
714
936
971
1907
1355
1436
2791
Societies Names.
No. of Members.
When Instituted.
Unanimous
212
July 2, 1783:
Old Union
188
Nov. 6, 1782.
Provident Brotherhood
68
Sept. 7, 1782.
Duchess of York
43
April 20, 1792.
Good Agreement
101
Dec. 21, 1789.
Old Amicable.
164
Jan: 6; 1783.
Good Intent
131
Sept. 4, 1787.
True Friendship
51
Jan. 1, 1790.
Duke of York
80
Aug. 16, 1793.
United Seamen
141
Jan. 1, 1782.
Duke of Clarence
65
Feb. 4. 1791.
Sisterly Union
51
Mar. 16, 1791.
Concord
151
Jan. 2. 1787.
Diligent
31
Feb. 14, 1792.
Prince of WaIes
45
Aug. 12. 1788.
British Constitutional, or Tradesmen Friendly
71
July 13, 1789.
Princess Royal
60
Nov. 19, 1792.
Jubilee
86
April 13, 1788.
Loving Brotherly
24
Aug. 19, 1793.
Agreeable
75
1788.
Societies Names.
No. of Members.
When Instituted.
Constitutional
78
Mar. 12, 1789.
Ropers Friendly
139
Oct. 14. 1777.
Second Friendly
166
April 1, 1771.
Fortunate
90
April 4. 1788.
Generous Friends
45
Sept. 19, 1791.
Union Society
Benevolent Female
RoyaI Friendly
New Amicable
Fortunate Society
Church and King, and
King and ConstitutionUnited
Social
Free Burghers.
Brotherly
Friendly Brotherly
Queen Charlotte
King George
Benevolent
King William III.
New Sisterly
Loyal British
Revolution Society
New Brotherly
Old Benevolent
Old and New Friendly
Humane
Princess Elizabeth
Brotherly
Union
Britannia
Well-disposed Brotherhood
Brotherly
DIET OF LABOURERS.
EARNINGS AND EXPENCES OF LABOURERS.
TRADE AND COMMERCE.
£.
s.
d.
From Jan. 1, 1689 to Jan. 1, 1690
13,191
12
10½
???? ???? ??90 ????? ??91
12,573
4
1½
???? ???? ??91 ????? ??92
30,055
0
6
???? ???? ??92 ????? ??93
19,136
1
1½
???? ???? ??93 ????? ??94
18,230
2
9
???? ???? ??94 ????? ??95
17,936
1
1½
???? ???? ??95 ????? ??96
18,471
4
10½
???? ???? ??96 ????? ??97
14,459
9
5¼
???? ???? ??97 ????? ??98
19,759
14
6
???? ???? ??98 ????? ??99
25,157
18
8½
???? ???? ??99 ????? 1700
26,472
11
6½
???? ???? 1700 ????? 1701
26,287
0
8½
???? ???? 1701 ????? 1702
23,962
12
4½
???? ???? 1702 ????? 1703
17,948
5
3½
???? ???? 1703 ????? 1704
18,057
18
11½
???? ???? 1704 ????? 1705
20,153
15
10½
???? ???? 1705 ????? 1706
21,283
0
1¼
£.
s.
d.
From Jan. 5, 1766 to Jan. 5, 1767
72,297
18
10½
???? ???? ??67 ????? ??68
78,592
0
11
???? ???? ??68 ????? ??69
83,606
18
0¾
???? ???? ??69 ????? ??70
91,502
19
11¾
???? ???? ??70 ????? ??71
88,593
7
13/4
???? ???? ??71 ????? ??72
87,704
19
5¾
???? ???? ??72 ????? ??73
79,752
7
9¼
???? ???? ??73 ????? ??74
87,008
15
10½
???? ???? ??74 ????? ??75
88,903
15
0½
???? ???? ??75 ????? ??76
91,366
3
0
???? ???? ??76 ????? ??77
86,910
10
10¼
???? ???? ??77 ????? ??78
90,857
5
9½
???? ???? ??78 ????? 79
78,229
3
11½
???? ???? ??79 ????? 80
79,293
12
3
???? ???? ??80 ????? 81
113,804
0
0
???? ???? ??81 ????? 82
107,976
14
0
???? ???? ??82 ????? 83
86,521
19
5¼
???? ???? ??83 ????? 84
126,660
2
8
???? ???? ??84 ????? 85
147,438
3
9
???? ???? ??85 ????? 86
125,635
17
6¾
???? ???? ??86 ????? 87
149,805
0
0
???? ???? ??87 ????? 88
132,844
3
3¼
???? ???? ??88 ????? 89
145,004
2
1
???? ???? ??89 ????? 90
154,506
10
4½
???? ???? ??90 ????? 91
135,732
7
8
???? ???? ??91 ????? 92
175,872
1
7
???? ???? ??92 ????? 93
199,988
4
3¼
Years
Ships from
Foreign Parts.Tons.
Coasters
Tons
Tot.Tons.
Tot. ships.
1788
459
90,111
599
49,093
139,204
1058
1789
469
91,497
675
51,834
143,331
1144
1790
492
97,158
778
59,157
156,315
1270
1791
637
119,840
800
61,707
181,547
1437
1792
673
135,346
849
66,443
201,789
1522
1793
561
119,020
829
64,383
183,403
1390
1794
457
88,932
789
58,867,
47,799
1246
1795
453
87,448
870
63,088
150,536
1323
Arthur Young, Tours in England and Wales, selected from the Annals of Agriculture (London: London School of Economics, 1932)